Oscar Romero and Post Vatican II Church Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oscar Romero and Post Vatican II perform building - Essay ExamplePrior to these sessions, mass were conducted in a way that priests turned their backs to the congregation, red-brick forms were non accepted, lower classes were conducted in Latin language only, and sacraments were not updated or simplified. The council introduced new documents which saw landmark shift key of the Catholic Church. (http//www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0505787.htm).Alters were altered, and priests were made to face the congregation, priesthood and religious life were renewed, liturgy was modernized, lay Catholics employment in church affairs was enhanced, Catholic church opened dialogue with other churches and non-Christians and the church was accept as the people of God. Way was given for people around the world to conduct masses in their vernacular language. All these changes were not immediate. This saw the church began a long and contentious transition of every aspect of the Catholic Ch urch.The council regarded this transformation as a way of opening dialogue with the modern world and facing modern challenges that were inevitable. It is believed that were it, not for these changes introduced by the Vatican II council, the church would be a nice minority in the modern world. These transformations brought modern-day men and women nearer to the gospel and made the gospel big to them which was not the case before.One of the goals of the council documents was to enlighten the modern believers to see the world as an opportunity to refer the gospel and not a threat to the gospel. Prior to this, many catholic believers viewed the modern world as a threat to the gospel and existence of the church. These transformations greatly changed the religious view of the church.Another ongoing spiritual task since the inception of these transformations has been to enlighten the young generations not to see the Vatican as an ancient history of the church

War in Vietnam, The Opium War, and World War I Essay

War in Vietnam, The Opium War, and population War I - Essay slipIn the 1970s, the globe averaged 31 wars each year. In the 1980s, the globe averaged more than 40 wars each year. In the 1990s, the globe averaged more than 40 wars each year. In 1992, the world hit a peak of 51-armed conflicts going on simultaneously. In 2002, there are 38-armed conflicts under way.Most of these conflicts since 1945 have been in the Global South and nigh have been civil wars (Kegley and Wittkopf 2004).The Vietnam War, Opium war, and the World War 1 were some of the bloodiest and most complicated war in human history. The people and governments involved in these conflicts found it hard to resolve the war easily because of their inherent deep-rooted causes. Some of the countries involved resort to conflict for varied reasons, but mostly fought for nationalism. Most northerly Vietnamese fought for their national interest while the U.S. fought for the preservation of Democracy. During the Opium War, th e Chinese fought to defend their country from the harsh effectuate of opium trade while the British fought to preserve their colonial and economic interest. Moreover, the underlying causes of World War 1 were the intense nationalism that permeated Europe throughout the 19th and into the 20th century, the political and economic rivalry among nations, and the war machine buildup that occurred after 1871, when Germany emerged as a great world power (Harvey 2005). The differences in the goals for going into war of these countries contributed to the encumbrance in achieving peace among them. The main reason why the war in Vietnam is difficult to contain is that it was caused by many conflicts in the past. The American involvement and the Vietnam War did not happen overnight. The Vietnam War developed as a sequel to the struggle (1946-54) between the French, who were the rulers of Indochina before World War II, and the Communist-led Viet Minh, or League for the liberty of Vietnam, fou nded and headed by the revolutionary leader. Ho Chi Minh. Having emerged as the strongest of the nationalist groups that fought the Japanese occupation of French Indochina during World War II, the league was determined to resist the reestablishment of French colonial rule and to implement political and complaisant changes (Harvey 2005). Following the surrender of Japan to the Allies in August 1945, Viet Minh guerrillas seized the capital city of Hanoi and constrained the abdication of Emperor. Bao Dai. On September 2, they declared Vietnam independent and announced the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, usually called North Vietnam, with Ho Chi Minh as president. France officially recognized the new state, but the subsequent inability of the Viet Minh and France to reach satisfactory political and economic agreements led to armed conflict beginning in celestial latitude 1946. With French backing Bao Dai set up the state of Vietnam, commonly called South Vietnam, on J uly 1, 1949, and established a new capital at Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) (Harvey 2005). In most wars, the North Vietnamese were chip for their nationalism and defending their land while the

Economic Portfolio - Development economics Essay

Economic Portfolio - Development economics - Essay Examplerris, director of the Microcredit Summit Campaign, reports in The convey of the Microcredit Summit Campaign Report 2006 that in the autumn of 2006, 3,133 microfinance institutions served 113 million families during the previous year. While that is a applaudable accomplishment, more than 500 million families that would almost certainly benefit from microcredit remain impoverished, and at least another(prenominal) 300 million more might benefit from it. According to our best calculations, we estimate that only wholeness out of every eight people who could benefit from microcredit currently has access to it.As a artillery to fight poverty, microcredit is as vital as education, health, human rights, and good government and yet, as Richard Weingarten, executive secretary of the UN Capital Development Fund, says, The demand for microfinance services remains largely unmet, especially in Africa. Less than 1% of World Bank funding goes to microcredit.So, why does microcredit work so well in developing countries? The former is the economies of developing countries are different from those of developed countries, often operating on a microscale, compared to the economies of the developed world.What may at first appear to tourists as a flea market when visiting a developing farming is in fact the communitys version of a mega-mall where all exchanges of goods are in cash. In place of massproduced name-brands, the market sells homegrown produce, household goods in small quantities, such as single veto of soap or a few squares of toilet paper, and clothing much of it locally produced plus a limited assortment of small luxuries that only a few shoppers can afford.Many of the vendors work from tick to dusk for incomes that, without a little credit, often do not meet their families basic needs. Every fiscal transaction has to be completed in cash, there are no banks or alternative sources for loans and no othe r access to financial services. A savings account is cash under the

Summerise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

set - Essay ExampleThe main propagator of this flow in like manner demand some balance of skills by individuals using the web as well as the intensity and the presence of the technology that individuals use.The paper has also been able to examine motivation behind the use of interactive media. Some of the motivations that have been identified to embarrass approaches that the users of the web have as well as the amount of the usage. The discussion reveals the properties that are seen to fundamentally get word the motivation, where they have been categorized as either intrinsic or extrinsicIt is important that before companies subside to use these networks in their businesses and to ensure that the flow is not interrupted, the companies need to set clear objective for the sites. These objectives should mirror the intensions and desires that the consumers harbor for the use of the site. Use of marketing in the interactive media is influenced by the ease of the use of that media. It is this medical prognosis of the media that usually influence the decision of such

Womens Attitudes towards Online Shopping Dissertation

Womens Attitudes towards Online Shopping - Dissertation ExampleThis essay discusses that women are traditionally trusty for household shopping. And according to several studies, shopping is a task to a greater extent preferred by women and they take more favourable attitudes towards catalogue shopping and brick-and-mortar store than men. Nevertheless, the innovative shopping medium presented by the internet has been discovered to lead to an unusual, if not reverse, buying behaviour between women and men. Even though some studies go on discovered that there is no significant disparity between non-shoppers and online shoppers as regards to gender, males were discovered to buy more online than females. According to Alreck and Settle, the attitudes of men towards online shopping were roughly similar to or even more positive than females perceptions. The profit was previously designed mostly for men and for a purposeful assessment intended for the product learning and price compari son. In the recent decades online shopping has turned out to be more pleasant, with customer evaluations and testimonials and a richer array of products/services and online experience. This development has encouraged women, as well. Furthermore, it appears that most people no longer find any considerable shortcomings of online shopping. A decade ago people were in the habit of worrying round the safety or trustworthiness of making payments online and the guarantee of delivery. These issues are no longer a task today, with innovative means like secure online money transfers and a record of encouraging experiences (Park & Stoel 2002). As state by Khosrowpour (2004), the progress of online shopping is distinguished by the finding that people have been allotting much more time for online activities since 1998. In general, there are dissimilarities between the buying behaviour of men and women. Women would prefer, more than men, to give ear for relevant information on products/servic es and to be encouraged this is the same behaviour observed in traditional shopping. Men would prefer to decide quickly. It is the shopping

The Status of Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Status of Women - Essay manikinDenied higher level schooling, and schooling in general in some cases, prevented from obtaining any legal rights or give birthing airplane propeller as a separate entity from their father or husband and with a majority of her dwelling work unconsidered in terms of the physical work she could accomplish, women had little opportunity to do anything opposite than be a wife and a mother. Against this backdrop, women who found themselves in non-traditional situations - the widow, the businesswoman, the intellectual - continuously struggled to find a better balance between men and women that allowed women some of the freedoms afforded to men, while women who fell within the societal norms in addition found themselves being forced into a more dominant role.Roles began shifting slowly as women grew into and therefore out of the ideology of the True Woman into that of a New Woman in personal and worldly concern spheres. As they travel from the rural setting to the industrialized city setting, women in America saw big changes in the way they were expected to live their lives - from lives of working alongside the men in the fields they moved to working exclusively within the home, finally setting the stage by the end of the nineteenth nose candy for the advances of the womens movements that would dominate the early part of the twentieth century.Colonial America saw la... During the early history of the unify States, a man virtually owned his wife and children as he did his material possessions. If a sad man chose to send his children to the poorhouse, the mother was legally defenseless to object (Comptons, 1995). Before the middle of the nineteenth century, the property rights of American married women followed the dictates of common law, under which everything a woman owned became her husbands property upon her marriage ( unify Womens Property Acts, n.d.). However, there were some women who lived in colonial America who work ed in professions and jobs available mostly to men. in that location were women doctors, lawyers, preachers, teachers, writers and singers (Comptons 1995). This was because prior to the 1800s, there were almost no medical schools, and virtually any enterprising person could radiation pattern medicine. Indeed, obstetrics was the domain of women (Comptons 1995). Even this changed, though, by the beginning of the nineteenth century when women were again relegated to the acceptable positions of composing and teaching only as the educational requirements for these professions were increased and women, fulfilling their obligatory role of wife and mother at an early age, were unable to complete the necessary training. These restrictions on what a woman could do or own were partly due to the fact that most women were non considered intelligent enough to consider all the consequences mired in managing business or political situations. Most could not prove otherwise as they did not have the access to formal schooling that would have provided them with these skills. In colonial times, formal learning had a low priority. Girls education typically took place at home, where

Explaining a concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explaining a construct - Essay ExamplePerennialism can be silent to be the conservative approach in that it argues that the same tried and true methods and subject matter should affect to be taught to the next generation of students do the feature that it is both tried and true and has informed the preliminary generations. On the other hand, progressivism takes the more liberal approach in positing that individuality, progress, and change are key cornerstones of a truly great education (Labaree 281). As a means of providing an explanation for the theory of progressivism, this brief wallpaper will to approach this particular educational approach in a way which will try on to shed light on whether such a concept is in circumstance the best concept to engage students with and to provide a higher degree of educational success and interaction.The progressivist concept of education places a high degree of emphasis upon the experience of the individual as well as the changing slipwa y in which new material and old material alike can help to better sharpen the quality of education that the student is able to achieve. At its core, the concept engenders the belief that individuals will most expediency by studying those materials which most directly impact upon their own lives. Although such an approach is most surely less concrete than that of the perennialists approach to education, it nonetheless is able to take into account the transforming needs that our family and the world in general is placing upon the educational system and the individual student.A secondary component of the concept is the understanding that it is necessarily a more visual concept than that of the perennialists approach. This is mainly due to the fact that the perennialists approach hinges upon the primary data sources and methods of learning that have been in existence since the dawn of knowledge. However, the fact of the matter is that these rather stodgy and non-visual means to enga ge the pupil have

Exam Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam Final - Essay voiceThe Bacchants rituals were described as wild, rapturous group encounters, drunken ecstatic cavorting, driving them wild so they do not recognize their own children these all apply to the drug culture of the present day, and in a sprawling and progressive metropolis such as New York City the spread of such a culture is indeed menacing. Thebes, like New York now, was a premier city, prime target from external influences two beneficial and harmful. Pentheus, like New York Citys authorities, was watchful of harmful coercive forces that could threaten the lives of his subjects (citizens), and indeed would do anything to resist them and preserve the peace and security of their jurisdiction.The most exciting moment in Oedipus was that render when the first shepherd was summoned to divulge what he knows about the infant he was tasked to expose to die. He haltingly and fearfully admits he did not kill it, and suspensefully tells Oedipus that the child was none oth er than him, the son the Laius. This is the high period on which the play turns.This is the most exciting moment because, as in a detective story, it solves the secret and from that point on, everything falls into place. Before this point, Oedipus life is pleasant, prosperous and righteous because he is oblivious of any wrongdoing. later on this point, he becomes stained, polluted, deserving of being blinded, exiled, and detested all because of something done in the past and beyond his control.The tragic dramas have a basic structure and formula. The tragic hero is one who is not entirely virtuously superior to the average man, to whom the audience can identify. He is subjected to the irrational and sometimes oppressive whims of the gods, which he cannot avoid. He suffers punishment, despite his innocence, and herein the drama revolves. However, despite his tribulations he emerges nobler and

Discovery of electrons(J,J Thomson) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disco actually of electrons(J,J Thomson) - Essay ExampleCathode rays were an enigma during the late 1800s. Many Europeans thought that the rays emitted at the cathode in the discharge tobacco pipe were an ethereal disturbance, like light. Crookes proposed in 1879, that the cathode rays were radiant matter or negatively charged particles that were attracted to the anode and repelled from the cathode (Cambridge Physics, 2015).In Germany, cps conducted an investigate where he observed that the rays discharged could pass through very thin gold sheets. He also conducted another experiment to find out the impact of electric fields on the rays and wrongly concluded that the rays were not deflected by the electric fields. In 1897, J.J Thomson restate Hertzs experiment (Cambridge Physics, 2015).The difference between J.J Thomsons experiment and Hertzs experiment was that J.J Thomson conducted his experiment in a vacuum tube. Hertz had too much gas in his discharge tube and the gas had be come ionized by the electric field. The verificatory ions were attracted to the negative plate and the negative ions were attracted to the positive plate. This reduced the net charge on the plates and the strength of the field was not enough to deflect the cathode rays.J.J Thomson repeated the experiment and when he passed the cathode rays through the electric field in a vacuum, deflection occurred. The fact that the cathode rays locomote towards the positively charged plate allowed him to conclude that the rays must be negatively charged.After this, J.J Thomson used two coils of wire known as the Helmholtz pair to produce a uniform magnetic field. Any reflect of charged particles when passed through the magnetic field produced by the Helmholtz pair will be bent at 90 degree angle to the field into a complete circleUsing this concept, J.J Thomson positioned the coils to cause a deflection in the opposite direction to that produced by the electric field. To balance the forces

Measurement of the Turbidity of Raw Water and Study the Effects of Lab Report

Measurement of the Turbidity of Raw Water and Study the Effects of Coagulation and Flocculation - testing ground Report ExampleDuring coagulation, matter in suspension becomes unstable due to the effect of cationic particles. atomic number 13 salts, ferric and ferrous salts are useful for the process of coagulation. The salts include alum, FeCl3 and Fe2 (SO4) 3. The iron convert used is that with and without lime. entrance of the salts in waste water results, in the formation of Ions (Hijnen & Gertjan 33). The constructive ions present in water know in hydrated states. Positive ions coincide with hydroxyl ions leading to insoluble hydroxides. Insoluble complexes result when ions combine with carbonates and bicarbonates. Coagulation results when the insoluble hydroxides precipitate in water and are separable through filtration. Precipitation of colloids takes manoeuver in the presence or absence of lime. The level of solubility of aluminum plus ferric hydroxides depends on PH, which determines the charge of the complex (Bratby 40). When PH is low, absorption of the complexes on the colloidal surface occurs leading to coagulation.When Aluminum chloride and sulfate are in wastewater, they exist as ion, which form non-dissolving complexes. The negative colloid repels anions and attracts cautions. The attraction indicant between positive and negative colloids results to agglomeration of particles (Wang 6). The repelled anions cling to positive colloids forming agglomerates. AlCl3 has a relative power of one against positive colloids and a power of 1000 against negative colloids. Al2 (SO4)3 exhibits a power of 30 against positive colloids and above 1000 against negative colloids (Bratby 39).ThuyKhanh, Trinh. & Lim Seok Kang. resolution Surface Methodological Approach To Optimize The CoagulationFlocculation Process In Drinking Water Treatment. chemical substance Engineering Research And Design 89. (2011) 1126-1135. ScienceDirect. Web. 2 Feb.

Social theories in social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

neighborly theories in genial take a leak - Essay ExampleSocial cash in ones chips is a compensate that involves the application of social theory and approximately research methods. The purpose of which is to improve the overall quality of living of family at large. Social work incorporates and uses other social sciences in order to improve the human conditions. Social work is thus a profession committed to attain social justice and an enhanced life style. Social work deals with and resolves or so every major social issue. Social workers are involved in the analyzing the root causes of various social problems and developing ideal solutions studies for the same. They may work with individuals, groups or the society evolved in the early nineteenth century.Social work as a profession evolved in the early nineteenth century. This was initiated by the problems created in society by the industrial revolution. Social work as a profession. It was triggered by the vivid application of scientific reasoning and theories to various studies. Numerous educational institutions accepted social work as a discipline and began to offer courses. In the twentieth century, the social work as a profession began to depend to a great extent upon research and various evidence based practices. This led to an overall improvement in the professionalism of social work. At present social workers are obsessed with myriads of pursuits in solving societal problems. Professional social workers commonly hold a professional degree in social work and may even leave a license or are professionally.

Fair Trade Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fair Trade Principles - Essay ExampleScarce commodities are considered much more big than commodities available in abundance hence there is a significant difference between the termss of unusual commodities and the commodities which are available in abundance. Let us now consider the demand aspect of the price theory, the demand aspect of the price theory is driven by an authoritative factor which is how desperately a consumer is in need of that commodity or service. If a consumer is urgently in need of the service or commodity, he/she wouldnt mind spending even double the amount of m wizy which they would fork out spent in normal circumstances. So the demand aspect of the price theory is all about the desire of the consumer to have that particular commodity or service at his/her disposal.Another important aspect which is very important is the demand curve demand curve gives a right- pass by(a) enough indication of the will of consumers to obtain the commodity or the service at that particular price. Demand curve and supply curves are examine by an organization to arrive at an equilibrium price. Equilibrium cost is the fixed cost and this changes wholly when the demand and supply is changed and it does not change unless the demand and supply changes.Let us now fasten on into consideration the difference between high life goods and necessities, the ... he level of income of an individual goes on to decide what luxury is and what is necessity For instance a rich person can endure debauching bikes and as a replacement start collecting cars, this purely depends on the level of income of people. The word luxury has more meanings than single, one often mistakes luxury as a status symbol, for instance a person can buy a Nike shoe considering as a luxury knowing very little about how good the shoe is, so it depends on individuals on how they define luxury. Euro Star and its Price TheoryEuro star is a high speed direct which covers areas in London, Brussel s and capital of France. The price theory of the high speed train will be highlighted in the remaining of the paper. There are three different clubes namely, the standard class, the vacant select and the last one is Business Premier. The rates vary depending upon the class, for a journey from London to Paris it would roughly cost about 178 if one chooses to travel in Standard class, on the other hand the fare is higher if one chooses to travel by Leisure select, it would cost roughly about 325 if one chooses a two vogue journey from London to Paris and back. The third and the most expensive class is the Business Premier which would cost a person roughly about 328.50 for a one way journey from London to Paris. The demand factor of the price theory comes into effect here people take to travel by Euro star because they have the willingness to pay for the service offered by the train. This is a very inhering concept in price theory, if the people dont feel the willingness to travel by the train they will stop travelling by the train. This goes to show that the prices of the services offered by the train are quite reasonable and this is hardly why the people feel willing to travel

Mooting Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mooting Assessment - Essay ExampleThe event was to be a charity fundraiser involving fun and frivolity and for this reason the respondent, Kaboom Ltd were hired to provide a Bulldozer a spacious with a driver who will give rides to children around the ground. Unfortunately on the day of the carnival, the Bulldozer driver, Dave had been under the sour when driving the Bulldozer and consequently lost control of the fomite. This accident claimed the lives of many people and some of them incurred monstrous injuries as well. My appellant, Ms. Muddleton, was the passenger on the Bulldozer and though she was physically unscathed, but my Lordship, she had the misfortune of witnessing this horrific chance and now suffers from a psychological condition called Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Ms. Muddletons condition is characterized by acute anxiety and is hike up distressed by flashbacks of the event, causing her to relive the experiences over and over again, because of negligence on devi ate of Dave, who was under Kaboom Ltds employment, which automatically holds the company liable as well for the damage and destruction caused by Dave. Order of Argument - Now my Lordship and my distinguished friend opposite may apply the principles established in the baptistery of Joel v Morrison, reported in 1834 that deems Daves actions as Going on a gambol of his own thereby exonerating the respondent from taking responsibility for this unfortunate incident. However, I would like to make a submission of the same case principles, according to which the employer is also held liable for a tort of an employee as long as it was carried out in the process of the employment. The accident occurred in course of Daves duty to his employer, Kaboom Ltd he broke a solemn traffic rule and was heavily intoxicated while operating the vehicle that ultimately led to this catastrophe and caused the appellant great psychiatric harm. The principles established by the Salmond Test further reiterate my claims, according to which the tort of an employee is the result of authorization from the employers side. I do agree that Dave did not have any sort of authorization from the respondent, but that still fails to vindicate them for as per the Close Connections Test, the employee in this case Daves tort is closely related to his employment, which automatically holds the employer, Kaboom Ltd vicariously liable for their employees action. In further support of my submission, I would like your Excellency to turn his/her attention to the case of English v. Wilsons & Clyde coal Co Ltd. Which came to light in the year 1937 and its details can be found in the parliamentary archives of the United Kingdom House of Lords Decisions. Would your Excellency benefit from a brief summary of the verbalize case? Let Lordship reply with a yes The case involved Mr. English, who was under the employment of Wilson & Clyde Co. Ltd. The appellant in this case lost his life in the process of repairing an airway and naturally his death was deemed as being a result of his own negligence by his employers. Mr. Englishs family contested this claim of the employers and ulterior on it was nullified by the distinguished House of Lords, who stated that a negligence on stir up of the employee is to be the employers responsibility. The binding contract between the employee and the employer is such that it holds the latter liable for the former

LIFE FROM THE INSIDE OUT Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LIFE FROM THE inside OUT - Article ExampleStevens is also director of the Golden Apple Art Residency determined in Harrington, Maine. The following paper seeks to describe one pictorial matter from these word-paintings, in addition to what the painting means. The painting chosen for this paper is Slipping into the Velvet last(prenominal). This painting is shown in the picture below.Slipping into the Velvet Past is a painting created in 2011 whose medium is an oil painting on canvas. The painting is a large-scale painting from the series of paintings Journey Life from the Inside out, measuring a height of 48 inches and a width of 60 inches width. The painting is a visual metaphor that describes various psychological stages that happen in a journey that persons embark on. It is a unique narrative that is also figurative. A woman referred to as Annara, a female figure who depicts the hope experienced during a journey, is telling the story narrated in this painting. She is seen resti ng with a white mask on her face and wearing a white dress. She rests curled up in the middle of dried velvety fallen leaves in a jungle. She depicts a sweet, innocent girl. Annara is seen in this painting with her eyes closed, as she peacefully awaits the unfolding of her action (www.ferris.edu, 2012).The young girl describes youth and the anticipation of life as it unfolds, waiting to experience the endless possibilities that await her. As a young person, Annara has little ain history of her life or any past failures that could stand in her way or dissuade her. She is also a young person with no sense of danger to warn her of her wonderful future. either she has is her imaginations to impel and propel her to her future ahead. She is, therefore, in a pure and clean state and surrounded by hope and promise. This is demonstrated by her surrounding, an environment of natural coexistence that is not polluted by modern technology. As she lies down curled up like a baby, Annara descr ibes fragility and delicateness in

Size and Complexity of an Animal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Size and Complexity of an wildcat - Essay ExampleThe essay Size and Complexity of an Animal talks about the fundamental aspect of animal growth and the semblanceship between the growth in size and the surface area relative to its volume.The relationship between surface areas to volume ratio is take up exemplified by reflection on phylum Porifera. The organism has a smaller surface area in relation to its volume. As a result, it depicts a simple form of exchange with the external environment. For example, nutrients are taken straightaway from water then enters through pores by cells lining the organism. On the other hand, complex organisms acquit a larger surface area to volume. As a result, these animals have trouble in acquiring nutrients. Therefore, they have developed a complex mechanism of feeding such as mesoderm in platyhelminths.The increment of larger and complex bodies posed a challenge in respiration. The reason is that smaller animals such as sponges could take gasse s directly from the surrounding water. As a result, there was no need for a increase of the specialized organ. The challenge arises, as organism could not exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly with their cells. Moreover, in platyhelminths, the development of flat system enhanced efficient exchange of gasses through diffusion. The flat body wait on in providing a high surface area to volume ratio and hence easy contribute and exchange of gasses. On the other hand, higher animals could not maintain gas exchange through their body surface. As a result, diffusion was not possible on their body surfaces.

The Hidden Christians Essay Example for Free

The Hidden Christians EssayThe Portuguese Catholic Missionaries introduced Christianity in Japan in the sixteenth century. After its introduction the religion experienced unprecedented growth for or so fifty historic period when the Tokugawa governance under Hideyoshi, issued a decree outlawing the religion in 1614. This was because he was alarmed by the colonization and mutation of Philippines (Japans neighbor) by Spain. The edict led to the expulsion of the Christian missionaries from Japan.About 150,000 natives who had converted to Christianity went underground and keep to practice their faith secretly, they are known as the Hidden Christians because of their secretive nature. There followed widespread repression of the Christians who numbered about 750,000. Great repression was witnessed in the southern fringes of Japan where about 6,000 Christians were killed. The repression was to continue for almost 300 hundred years until the arrival of Commodore Perry in 1853 when the persecutions eased.In 1873 Christianity was legalized in Japan. Missionaries returned again in the late 19th century in the southern islands of Japan that are remote to coax about 50,000 of the hidden Christians to come out in the open. After the isolation ended some of the hidden Christians continued to practice the secretive belief that had been reach down to them by their ancestors. There are some of the hidden Christians today in Japan.The belief and practices entail the existence of three persons who are responsible for leading various ceremonies, conducting of baptisms, and helping out in ceremonies including maintaining some level of contact between the members. Four fundamental issues that include Polytheism, Present gain, ancestor worship and ritualism on the other hand characterize the belief system. Today the faith of the hidden Christians is facing one of its superlative challenges.Instead of the persecutors of yester years the faith is facing indifference especi ally from the young generation who lack the sentence to learn the ancient chants.Works CitedAnn m. Harrington Japans Hidden Christians Chicago Loyola University Press, 1993. P12-14 Miyazaki Kentaro Hidden Christians in contemporary Nagasaki Retrieved on twenty-fourth April from http//www. uwosh. edu/faculty_staff/earns/miyazaki. html Turnbull,Stephen The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan. Japan Library. Curzon Press. 1998 12-14 Thelle, Notto R. Buddhism and Christianity in Japan From conflict to dialogue 1854 1899. Honolulu University of Hawaii Press, 1987 34-35 New York quantify Article Lack of Oppression Hurts Christianity in Japan Apr. 3, 1997 James Brooke Once Banned, Christianity Withers in an superannuated Stronghold Ikitsuki Journal December 25, 2003 Retrieved on 24th April from http//query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9B02EFDC163EF936A15751C1A9659C8B63 www. reuters. com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUST14106220071219 Japans Hidden Christians depend extinction Article dated19 Dec 2007Retrieved on 24th April 2008

Fly Fishing and Spin Fishing Essay Example for Free

go angle and Spin Fishing EssayFly Fishing and Spin Fishing atomic number 18 search methods utilise by hobbyist to see to it fish. Both types be considered as Angling. Angling is a type of fishing that uses angles or a hook. Anglers atomic number 18 considered as fishers who have intent on evacuant their catch in the water. According to aboriginal Fisheries Board of Ireland (2007), the waters were anglers fish have the rule where catch and release rule argon enforced. II. Difference of Fly Fishing and Spin Fishing There are several differences that can be seen between two methods. Fly fishing is a method where coloured flies are used and attached to the hook to imitate naturally occurring food. These artificial flies are tied out of materials such as fur and feather. Spin Fishing is a method where a lurch fishing tackle is used to catch fish. a. Rods and Fishing Lines Used According to Flyfishingbasics. com (2007), rods that are used for fly-fishing is generally ligh t and the lines are heavy. The lines are heavy because these provide the weight and momentum for casting.On the other hand, Fishsa.com (2007) explains that the rod for careen-fishing is used as a lever to fling the weight of the lure. Comparing both methods, the fly fishing method uses the weight of the line to carry the fly to the fish while the spin fishing uses the weight of the lure to pull the line out of the reel. Casting method for flyfishing is harder as compared to spinfishing concord to flysa. com (2007). b. Fishing Equipment Fly Fishing uses a fly rod, a reel and a line. The baits that the fly fishing angler uses are artificial flies. These flies depends on the user of the rod.There are different types of flies. These are streamers, dry flies, wet flies and poppers. Streamers are long and skinny and these flies sink and looks like a baitfish. Dry Flies are flies that float. Wet Flies are flies that sink and lastly, poppers are floating flies that are made out of cork. T hese flies can be bought from the fishing stores or they can be made using fly tying techniques. Fly Tying is considered as another(prenominal) different type of hobby that is used to make artificial flies. Differentiating spin fishing, this method also has a rod and a reel, however, this method uses live lures.The lures that an angler uses depends on the type of fish that the angler wants to catch. Worms and louse Larva is used to catch bluegill or sunfish. Worms, nightcrawlers, and stinkbaits are used for Catfish. Minnows and worms are for Crappie. Minnows and nightcrawlers are for Bass. Worms, corn and doughballs are for carp and lastly the trouts are catched using worms and minnows.c. Economic Value Evaluating both methods, Fly fishing is a more expensive method than Spin Fishing. According to Flyfishingbasics. com (2007), a fly rod, reel and line jazz band costs at around $60 to $120 and flies costs at around $1 to $5 per piece. Spin fishing rod and Reel costs at around $10 t o $20 and baits costs at around $1 to $3 per dozen and the prepared baits are from $1. 50 to $4. 50 per dozen. As a conclusion, it seems that spin fishing is more practical as compared to the fly-fishing. Since casting is easier to learn for spin fishing and the baits used for spin fishing is much cheaper than the fly-fishing. It is therefore easier to recommend spin fishing for beginners because it is easier to learn.REFERENCES Central Fisheries Board, 2000. Catch and Release for Atlantic Salmon. Retrieved last October 31, 2007 from Central Fisheries Board of Ireland. Website http//www. cfb. ie/fishing_in_ireland/CatchandRelease. htm Fly Fishing Basics. 2003. Fly Fishing. Retrieved last October 31, 2007. From Fly Fishing Basics. com. Website http//www. flyfishingbasics. com/casting. html Fish South Australia. 1996. Spin Fishing. Retrieved last October 31, 2007 From FishSA. com. Website http//www. fishsa. com/spinfsng. php

Examine sociological explanations Essay Example for Free

Examine sociological explanations EssayThere seems to be a cypher link to what goes on in tutors and what takes place at cypher. The functionalist approach to instruction and economy is that through kindlyising educational activity helps maintain society by introducing young state into values and beliefs such as achievement. They w entirely that education teaches what is needed within the conception of work care numeracy and literacy skills or special skills for particular jobs. The education system allocates people to the close appropriate jobs, which suits their abilities using examination results. Through the eyes of the functionalists this is seen to be clean because there is an equal opportunity for everyone, everyone has the chance to succeed in society on the infrastructure of their ability. If they work hard and try hard at school thusly they allow for succeed and climb the kind ladder obtaining a higher cordial status. They see education as turning pup ils into model citizens that the most able pupils will succeed and obtain the most important jobs. Durkheim declared that education performs the function of make individuals feel they argon members of a social group.This can be done through lessons such as history. He believes that school teaches pupils how to co-operate and work with others. The subjects that are taught in schools are related to skills that are required for work. The education system sifts and sorts the people according to their ability and that those who want to achieve can do so patronage social word form or background. Parsons thinks that the school is the first place where they are taught universal values and rules. initiate helps introduce a consensus this is where everyone agrees on the same basic values.Schools challenge pupils abilities and their talents so that they can be issued into specific jobs. Davis and Moore explained that some people collapse greater talents than others and to ensure that socie ty functions efficiently the most able individuals are allocated the most efficient jobs. The education system is responsible for this, targeting the people who are most able then training them for important jobs. However, some people would argue that this is far too optimistic. This idea of meritocracy is untrue does not exists. There are certain parapets that get in the way the main one being social class.An example of this is careers such as medicine and law where certain firms will not use up you if you have been to a university that was previously a polytechnic college. There is nothing wrong with these universities but certain people and groups see them as lower class and therefore less likely to employ them. This is a barrier that gets in the way. There is a leave out of evidence that schools teach work specific skills, an example of this is how a lot does a job require you to know quotes from Shakespeare, some subjects have a limited usefulness to the world of work.The p rincipal of having a general consensus in school is not always the case different social groups have different sets of values. Marxists disagree with this approach stating that its main function is to maintain, legitimate and reproduce, generation after generation of inequalities transmitted through common values and beliefs. Failure and inequality is encouraged within operative class people, this is taught in schools. What goes on in school is related to the world of work, the pupils are like the workers and the teachers are like the bosses.Marxists explanation of education is that it does entirely depend on intellectual ability only the pupils who conform will rise above the rest. Schools reproduce the appropriate work force with the correct attitudes for factory work. They argue that it turns operative class kids into conformists workers. Marxists argue that a hidden curriculum lies within the education system that filters out working class children into working class jobs it i s a unresisting process that gets them used to this idea of inequality and hierarchy.It makes them accept it and not challenge it this is the correspondence principal. Bowles and Gintis argue that what goes on in schools is directly related to the world of work. The government of school to that of work is very identical, separate school lessons mirroring separate work place tasks. The examination results and stipend are the enjoyment of working and learning. Educational success and promotion at work is based on work. Again what was just said isnt always the case. Bowles and Gintis never actual got any research evidence to indorse their claims.Most jobs now demand people with flair, ambition and people with charisma not mindless idiots as Marxist stated. Not all schools respond in exactly the same way and not all pupils respond in exactly the same way as Bowles and Gintis suggested. Not all children are passive products of the education system it might motivate some children with the thought of ending up in a factory. Paul Willis conducted his survey in 1977 and provides internationalist approach to understand the meanings pupils. Willis identifies pro-school and anti-school subcultures.The anti school subcultures where nicked named the lads ands the pro-school subcultures were called the earoles. Willis was a neo-Marxist who stated that the lads developed strategies to cope with the boredom of school and basic routine that they would eventually end up in at work. The lads chose to and accepted themselves as failures and didnt see the conduct in trying so just gave up. It was not passive as Marxists first thought. Even this type of attitude created the right workforce, they were uncritical and just got on with it. Paul Willis focuses on actual working at the school.One criticism of Paul Willis work is that any the student rebelled against the system or they conformed they were never really in in the midst of and this didnt really make such(prenominal) s ense. It was unrealistic not many people were 100% in a category they were in between and this didnt show up in Willis results. Vocational Education was introduced because when students left school and went to work they didnt really possess the appropriate skills for work or the correct attitude. Vocational education changed this and improved their working attitudes with ideas such as work experience.As part of Curriculum 2000 key skills were introduced, this was asked for by a lot of employers and it gave students a basis insight into how to use a computer. A number of other schemes were introduced for those post 16 student s who didnt want to stay on at school, the government would pay half their wages and the company that utilise them would pay the other half. This was great for the company because they were getting labour for half the price and once they had got to 19 they would sack them and employ another 16 year old.The schemes led to low paid and low adept part time emplo yment. The main aim for the government to set this scheme up was so that when it came to alternative Day it meant that the number of people who where unemployed was low. There was first an assumption that unemployment was caused by a lack of skills amongst young people. In actual fact it could be to do with lack of jobs. Cohen stated that this attitude and humble training made the post 16 people ready to except low paid jobs.In conclusion there is no one simple explanation about the relationship between school and economy. All of the information featured is theories and beliefs based on different perspectives. Up to a certain point all of the theories are true and probable in certain situation. No one can announce for the whole of society what happens in one group might be completely different to another. I would however be incline to put my trust in to a lot of what Paul Willis says partially because of the way he carried out his study, it was very in-depth.

George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four Essay Example for Free

George Orwells cardinal Eighty-Four EssayGeorge Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopian saucy which presents an exagerated version of a totalitarian regime which not nevertheless tallyled all(prenominal)thing exclusively which also could not be removed by any means. Orwells novel drew attention, back in 1949 when the novel was published, upon how this world would look the like if a totalitarian regime would truly take over. My aim for this analyse is to analyze Orwells novel with respect to the marxist elements present in the novel and also to illustrate their impact upon the protagonists feelings. Marxism and especially Stalinism be present in Orwells novel through certain elements countinuous surveillance, control of the mind, the cult of temperament and a supposed equality between the partys members. Isaac Asimov, in his essay Review of 1984, considers Orwell as a writer with not more of an imagination, accusing him of not developing in the novel the actual co mmunist actions which were happening in reality. Orwell imagines Great Britain to take up gone through a revolution similar to the Russian Revolution and to fork up gone through all the stages that Soviet exploitation did.He stack think of almost no variations on the theme. I believe, though, that Orwell was an extraordinary visionary who envisioned a society chained in nothing but governmental controll, a society which bottomlandnot be defeated. A communist concept presented in the novel is that of the powerless individual and of the high disregard the Party had for individualism. Everybody must(prenominal) form a group with everybody this is the recipe for power, according to any communism regime. In 1984, story is invariablely re pen and in this way, the populations memories argon restricted only to what appears in the remaining articles after rewriting it can be seen as an different way of mind control.Winston himself discovers that most of what the Party states is l ies and to fightds the hold on of the novel, when Oceania suddenly becomes enemies with Eastasia, the country with which it had been allies all along, everybody is forced to conceive that they have always been at war with Eastasia. Ramesh K. writes in his essay Socio-Cultural Matrix in George Orwells Nineteen Eighty Four that history is eternally rewritten to suit the current goals of the Party. Only the destruction of human memory will harbour it possible.Hence the Ministry of equity (Minitru) modifies history perpetually to the tune of the ideals of the Party. As a result of the rewriting of history is the breathing show up of memories. Nobody remembers how life looked like before Big sidekick, and stock-still nobody seems to find it as sorry as Winston does. He b arely remembers his family, and he suspects that most of his memories are only a product of his imagination. He has problems recalling maternal love he sometimes feels guilty for his parents disappearance and he constantly regrets his puerility behavior.When regarding history, the only vivacious proof or better said, tell, of such distant civilizations, ones before Big brother, is written in censored books, created by the Party itself, with carefully selected details which attempt to illustrate how life is very much better in the year of 1984, with the Ingsoc regime, then before the totalitarian era. Truth is continuously distorted and it can be regarded as close to extinction, since nobody has a correct notion of what is or is not true, anymore. Memories are vague and the ones vivid are imposed, influenced by the Party.The loss of memories the whole society experiences may also be a result of the continuous flow of new information which constantly contradicts the old one and which, in its turn, is recreated over and over again. The process of rewriting history is draw in 1984 This process of continuous adaptation was applied not only to newspapers, but to books, periodicals, pamphle ts, posters, leaflets, films, sound-tracks, cartoons, photographs to every kind of literature or documentation which top executive conceivably hold any political or ideological significance (Orwell, Part 1, Chapter 4, p. 1).The cult of personality has a huge influence on Orwells dystopia, as on any other totalitarian society. Big Brother has been associated by the critics with Stalin, firearm his political enemy, another alleged founder of the Party, Emmanuel Goldstein, was seen as the correspondent of Trotsky, Stalins enemy in the power struggle from the 1920s. Like Trotsky, Goldstein was deported and excluded from the Party.According to Isaac Asimov, Orwells enemy was Stalin, and at the time that 1984 was published, Stalin ad ruled the Soviet Union in a ribbreaking bear hug for 25 years, had survived a terrible war in which his nation suffered enormous losses and yet was now stronger than ever. To Orwell, it must have seemed that neither time nor fortune could budge Stalin, b ut that he would live on eer with ever increasing strength. And that was how Orwell pictured Big Brother. Big Brother is regarded as immortal, the is no evidence of his actual existence, and level OBrien hints to the fact that Big Brother is nothing more than the embodiment of the Party.In the fictional book written by Goldstein he states that Nobody has ever seen Big Brother. He is a face on the hoardings, a voice on the telescreen. We may be reasonably sure that he will never die, and there is already considerable uncertainty as to when he was born. Big Brother is the guise in which the Party chooses to exhibit itself to the world (Orwell, Part 2, Chapter 9, p. 262). Big Brother was everywhere On coins, on stamps, on the covers of books, on banners, on posters, and on the wrappings of a cigarette packet everywhere.Always the eye watching you and the voice enveloping you. Asleep or awake, working or eating, indoors or out of doors, in the bath or in bedno escape. Nothing was yo ur feature except the a couple of(prenominal) cubic centimetres inside your skull (Orwell, Part 1, Chapter 2, p. 34). In such a strict society, Winston attempts rebelling against the Party and also dropping in love. Once he meets Julia, his double life takes form and he finds himself in a continuous seek for freedom. The relationship between Winston and Julia is, of course, sentenced to permanent influences on behalf of the Party.They attempt to rebell against it but their rebellion is nothing but a narrowed one, with no actual influence upon the Party. In a world where everything, with no exception, has been accommodate to completely new rules, where history is continuously modified and the truth is contorsed over and over again, not even love or friendship remain the same. Winston and Julia are supposed to be in love and moreover, they are supposed to be not only friends, but allies in their fight against the system, but in 1984, in this parallel version of totalitarianism Orwe ll created, friendship and love would always be darkened by the others real identity.An example for how love is reduced can be found in the episode when Julia attempts to dress up for Winston, when renting the room above the antiquities shop, a room which does not have a telescreen. She hardly manages to become feminin by using a very bad smelling meat which brings about awful memories to Winston and by wearing ugly and yet different from the Partys provide clothes. It seems like no one has the ability of being romantic any longer, and even more important, no one has the means of being so.In 1984, no possible love relationship can be imagined and the idea of making love is something strictly forbidden, because making love and this is something the Party knows very well makes slew happy, and when people are happy, they no longer care for every bad thing that happens in their every day life in the context of a totalitarian society. Julia explained to Winston the Partys concep tion When you make love youre using up energy and afterwards you feel happy and dont give a damn for anything. They cant bear you to feel like that. They want you to be bursting with energy all the time.All this marching up and d receive and cheering and waving flags is simply charge up gone sour. If youre happy inside yourself, why should you get excited about Big Brother and the Three-Year Plans and the Two Minutes Hate and all the rest of their bloody rot? (Orwell, Part 2, Chapter 3, p. 167). In the look of the Party, theres no such thing as love or friendship, and even the existing feelings can only be pointed towards Big Brother, the totalitarian leader who can only be seen on the posters all over the city, which show Big Brothers portrait and a terrifying catchword Big Brother is watching you.According to Isaac Asimov the great Orwellian contribution to future technology is that the television receiver set is two-way, and that the people who are forced to hear and see the television screen can themselves be heard and seen at all times and are under constant supervision even while sleeping or in the bathroom. Hence, the meaning of the phrase Big Brother is watching you. Love, as already discussed, is distorted, reduced to physical needs (not even physical pleasure).But, as it is easy to notice, throughout the novel, love be the Partys greatest enemy against which they are already fighting through manipulating the children yet only achieving the destruction of parental love. I consider that children betraying their parents are a symbol and nonetheless, an illustration of what Orwell may have imagined about future generations who will do everything for the Partys sake even betray their own mothers and fathers. In my opinion, children when regarded as a symbol, are supposed to bring the change into the world.In 1984 they are the reversed, the opposite version of this concept children will not change anything, from their point of view, the totalitaria n society must and will remain as it is, with few corrections here and there in the history books, when actions and facts sire to contradict with others. Nearly all children nowadays were horrible they were systematically turned into ungovernable little savages, and yet this produced in them no tendency whatever to rebel against the discipline of the Party.On the contrary, they adored the Party and everything connected with it. All their ferocity was turned outwards, against the enemies of the State, against foreigners, traitors, saboteurs, thought-criminals. It was almost normal for people over thirty to be frightened of their own children (Orwell, Chapter 2, p. 31). As a conclusion, 1984 emphasizes not only on the impact of a totalitarian regime upon the society, but also on its impact upon the individuals soul, feelings and thoughts. Winston and Julias rebellion may be described as an abstract one, because they do not really achieve anything.Oliver Substance, in his essay Th e Tendency of earthly concern Nineteen Eighty-Four, states that to truly be a rebel, all of ones actions need to be rebellious, not just the ones involving the introductory human urges. Rebels need plans, or else they end up the same way as every other would-be rebel in Room 101. The impact upon the reader has no limit, since the novel leaves so much space for interpretation and continuation. Finally, I would like to end my essay with the following quote from the novel If you can FEEL that staying human is worth while, even when it cant have any result whatever, youve get the better of them (Orwell, Part 2, Chapter 7, p. 210).

Ensuring quality websites Essay Example for Free

Ensuring lumber tissuesites Essay profits is an ever expanding medium. The number of users of the World Wide Web colloquially called as the cyberspace has grown to all over 1. 02 billion and includes 15 percent population of the World. (World Internet Usage, 2006). This is slated to expand all the same more rapidly hereafter as it is proving to be an ideal medium for all types of social, business, government and tuitional transactions. Cyber Rater is a web site rating service which get out assess web sites base on their quality, reliability and the timeliness with which they come through information to the user. The number of web sites is increasing exponentially. A survey by Netcraft for June 2006 reported an join on of 3. 96 million sites in one month between May to June. (Webserver Survey, 2006). However the plethora of sites on virtually all subjects has created a problem for the user, as he is unable to assess the efficacy and verity of the information provided on the site. Cyber rater go forth take in charge to this void, by rating sites and providing these with a verification certificate establish on authenticity, quality and speed in providing the information to the user.Cyber Rater will be a web based organization, thereby the initial infra structure cost will be restricted to computers and other information technology assets to facilitate speedy access of the net, register the sites, assess these and provide certification. The business is proposed to be started by declination 2006 and a healthy return is expected with break even point reached by December 2007. Mission Statement Our Mission. To facilitate web users in instantly assessing the quality of a web site. evaluate web sites on each subject based on quality will be a key facet of the mission.To create excellence on the web by generating a hierarchy of dance step for web sites will be inclusive in the overall mission. To cleanse the overall content on the web will be the u nderlying theme of the mission. Needs Proliferation of web sites as well as the large number of users of the web has created a new market for certification of the best sites based on quality and accuracy of content, timeliness in publication and credibleness. This will provide a service to some(prenominal) the user as well as the web site provider.While the user will be able to gravitate to the best web site on a subject, the provider will attempt to improve his content based on authenticity of information, the assessed market needs of the users and the latest web and dialogue technologies available. This will greatly facilitate all users such as researchers and students who will get a dependant source, the e purchaser, and an authenticated, best bargain without cheating and the business person timely information of opportunities available for concern to beat the competition.A certified web site rating system will greatly improve the overall quality of the web as it will assist in establishing uniform standards, motivate investments in using state of the art technologies by web sites, adoption of best practices and sustained support will be available through government policies. intents The objectives of Cyber Rater will flow from its mission which is to facilitate web users in assessing the quality of a web site thereby enabling them to home on to the best in each category. The objectives will be broken down into three criteria as given below-Objectives think to Users Objective 1. To provide the user information of the quality of the web site he is accessing to do commerce, interact socially or merely to gain information on a subject. Objective 2. To provide familiarity workers assurance of the information that is being accessed by them on the web. This will overcome the present lack of credibility of most web sources for research. Objective 3. To provide the user with authentic and original information, free of copy right, craftsmanship mark or pate nt infringement.This will avoid the embarrassment as well possible juristic action at a later stage. Objectives Related To Web Sites Objective 1. To provide a assembly for quality web sites to propagate their value on the web. This will also enable them an opportunity to addition their popularity and revenues. Objective 2. To generate impetus for improving the overall quality of web sites and web content by creating a hierarchy of excellence. Objective 3. To disfranchise those web site providers who are not able to provide quality and authenticity to continue on the web.This will come about by their non certification, non access over a period by the user and thus a virtual demise due to scarce access. Objectives Related to Business Objective 1. To follow the highest standards of ethics and values. This is essential to every rating agency and will enable maintenance of credibility and thus attract maximum business in the long term. Objective 2. To attract the best talent in the pr ofession. This alone will ensure that the assessments made would maintain an even standard and are free from biases of lack of knowledge as well as judgment.Objective 3. To expend the best technologies available in the field and continue to constantly upgrade them. Objective 3. To ensure the financial viability of the business and break even within one year. References 1. Webserver Survey. 2006. June 2006 Webserver Survey. http//news. netcraft. com/archives/2006/06/04/june_2006_web_server_survey. html (24 June 2006). 2. World Internet Usage. 2006. Internet Usage Statistics The Big Picture. http//www. internetworldstats. com/stats. htm. (24 June 2006).

Critical evaluation - John Steinbeck-Of Mice and Men and Robert Ludlum-The Bourne Identity Essay Example for Free

Critical evaluation commode Steinbeck-Of Mice and manpower and Robert Ludlum-The Bourne indistinguishability EssayThrough the history of man mathematicians, philosophers, teachers, and scientists contribute molded and shaped our world. These men and women, young and old, atomic number 18 responsible for the continually growing knowledge in todays y knocked out(p)h. Upon studying the roughly influential educators, it was proven that writers and authors sustain every element of the society we live love, passion, romance, adventure, drama, science fiction, and non-fiction. All of these categories outlive for only iodin purpose, to entertain the minds who absorb the material. Entertaining authors make an exceptional story and none rough other than Robert Ludlum and outhouse Steinbeck accomplish this feat better.In order to further understand these authors thirst to provide edge-of-the-seat entertainment, their noncurrent and present must be explored. Although these aut hors lived in 2 diverse locations, their driving desire for knowledge appears the same. Ludlum and Steinbeck be college after high school, majoring in English. After graduating from Salinas High School in 1919, Steinbeck attended Stanford University from 1920-1925. Two eld after Steinbeck odd to pursue his writing c ber in New York, Robert Ludlum was born on whitethorn 25, 1927. Ludlum was educated privately and at the Chesire Academy, Connecticut. After appearing is school theatricals, he acted in the comedy minor(postnominal) Miss on Broad stylus at the age of sixteen. His degree includes B.A., Wesleyan University, Middlet take in, 1951.Having never graduated from Stanford University, Steinbecks life for the approximately part was low profile even after the publishing of his first books, Cup of Gold (1929), The Pastures of paradise and To a God Unknown, which were all inadequately acknowledged by the literary world. Tortilla Flat (1935) was the noniceable turning point i n Steinbecks literary career receiving the California Commonwealth Clubs Gold Medal for best fiction. Steinbeck act writing, and The Grapes of Wrath (1939) won him the Pulitzer Prize. The Nobel Prize was awarded to John Steinbeck for Literature in 1962 for his realistic as well as imaginative writings, distinguished by a sympathetic humor and a keen social perception. 1 Twenty-nine Academy Award nominations and four Academy Awards were given for revision of John Steinbecks stories.Literature helpless one of its most accomplished and distinguished writers on December 20, 1968, in New York City John Steinbeck died at the age of 66. However, on a to a greater extent positive note, New York City was also the carry where literature bore Robert Ludlum. Ludlum can be described as a modern day author. He is a well-known author writing twenty-one novels and selling over 290 million books in thirty-two different languages. Ludlum started his literary career relatively late because he was working in1. Mobel Lectures literature 1901-4967the orbit as an actor and producer. One of the primary reasons Ludlum is such a suspenseful writer is due to the position that he was born in an age where movies grabbed the attention of the public eye. In the 1950s, Ludlum worked as a tip and television actor. After producing 300 stage productions for New York and regional theatre, Ludlum wrote his first novel, The Scarlatti Inheritance (1971). Few writers are able to grasp global attention using unbelievable dapples that spin into engrossing tales.John Steinbeck and Robert Ludlum are comparable writers. These two authors are very accomplished and their novels reputations speak for themselves. John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men and Robert Ludlums The Bourne Identity are the focus of this evaluation. Their works signify literary techniques that contribute to theme. The central theme in Of Mice and Men written by John Steinbeck human fates are constantly controlled by out location for ces. The techniques he uses for showcase repetition and symbolic representation are extremely successful in getting across his very cynical views on this theme. Similar techniques are apply in Robert Ludlums The Bourne Identity. Uniquely writing many of Ludlums techniques are present in his writing, but the reviewer is too engrossed in the story to recognize them. However, Ludlum writes meticulously in his story plots. When evaluated, the reader can distinguish that repetition and symbolism are also used as literary techniques that contribute to theme.Steinbeck and Ludlum use the technique of repetition to effectively build up the cease of the tragedy. In Of Mice and Men, Lennie unintentionally killed his mouse when petting it. This situation repeats itself further in the novel when Slim gives Lennie a puppy. When playing with the animal, Lennie gave the puppy a disciplining thump for biting him and he killed it. An incident, such as this, impart be the downfall of George and L ennie. Near the end of the novel, Lennie strokes Curleys wifes hair.He holds too tightly and she gets frightened. Lennie was in a panic. 2 Climaxing, he attempts to quiet her, Dont you go yellin, he say, and he shook her, and her body flopped like a fish. And then she was still, for Lennie had scummy her neck. 2 The repetition of unintentional death foreshadows a negative outcome for Lennie, his sealed fate. This action brought upon his own murder by George who shot him in the back of the head out of mercy for everything else that was weak and helpless. In this act of violence, George would not be considered a murderer, in fact, quite the opposite. George, instead, would be deemed a savor because he did Lennie a favor.2. Steinbeck 91The Bourne Identity uses repetition in a similar fashion. The central quotation Jason Bourne faces memory loss, crippling him from discovering his true identity. His instincts and intelligence help guide him. The quote You are not helpless. You will f ind your way. 3 is repeated on several occasions, which foreshadows success on Jasons behalf. Jasons rhetorical demeanor when faced with stressful and difficult situations ends in same violent manner. Bourne grabbed the Frenchman in front of him now, his left arm around the mans throat, his right hand tearing at the mans left ear. 4 Without thinking, Jason reacts to the situation with equilibrise and precision. Jasons rhetorical skills evoke his memory enough to enable him to think and act on his own to distract death or capture. Whenever you observe a stress-and you have the time-do your damndest to project into it. Associate as freely as you can let words and images fill your mind. In them you may find clues.5 This quote is well-nigh repeated again, Whenever youre in a stress situation-and theres time, of course-do exactly as you would when you project yourself into one youre observing. Let your mind fall free, let whatever thoughts and images that surface come cleanly. Try not to exercise any noetic discipline. Be a sponge c at one timentrate on everything and nothing. Specifics may come to you, certain repressed conduits electrical energy prodded into functioning. 6 except there is added tactics, which suggests that Jason is constantly learning. Through repetition Jason persistently advances his skills to obtain his past by varying his appearance, Change your hairyou change your face.7 Soon after his skills advanced, Jason learned that his real name is David Webb who turns out as a young Far East scholar. Webb received a new identity from the central intelligence (CIA) as Jason Bourne, a black ops agent. His primary objective was to kill Carlos, another far more advanced bravo, but was betrayed. As the plot twists, the CIA has given Jason quite a few hoops to brook through for his own survival. The climax builds to this particular moment in the novel, when Jason reverses the situation and uses the training the CIA gave him to kill the assassin Carlos . The climax appears to have truth because not only has Jason stopped being on the defensive side of this live or die game, but also his proficient skills have bony him to his past business to kill or be killed fate. The interfering CIA has lost control of Bourne however he is move back to his past line of work, which could result in death, so he ultimately loses. It could be said that Jason Bourne was born to be a professional assassin under anyones control.3. Ludlum 39, 43, 834. Ludlum 645. Ludlum 506. Ludlum 827. Ludlum 116, 161Another technique that demonstrates John Steinbecks view of fate is the symbolism. Near the end of the novel, A watersnake glided swimmingly up the pool, twisting its periscope head from side to side, and it swam the length of the pool and came to the legs of a motionless heron that stood in the shallows. A silent head and beak lanced down and plucked it out by the head, and the beak swallowed the fine snake while its tail waved frantically. 8 The her on, stationary and patient, typifys fate, while the watersnake, vulnerable and unaware, its victim. The watersnake would most likely symbolize George. Not only does the Heron symbolize fate, it also symbolizes Lennie the burden to their dream.Steinbeck illustrates his view on fate once more by word choice. Words like lanced, plucked, and waiting suggest that Steinbeck believes that fate strikes assertively and specifically. Similarly, Robert Ludlum uses symbolism to project the same idea. Symbolism appears not as evident as repetition however, present nonetheless. The CIA seems to be the entity or government corporation that symbolizes fate. Every element in the novel can be drawn back to something that the CIA has caused. Ludlum and Steinbeck believe fate to be all the same. In Ludlums case, the CIAs intricate plans and organized operations fit Steinbecks idea that fate acts in the same manner, assertively and specifically.Of Mice and Men and The Bourne Identity are literally wr itten in identical fashions. Steinbeck and Ludlum use character driven dialogue to tell the story. The point-of-views transpose mingled with first person (the main characters) and third person (the narrator). The first person prospective uniquely projects to the reader each of the character thoughts and actions. The first person prospective gives a clear understanding of what exactly will happen, without all of the excess narration. However, the narration does an excellent job in describing the setting among other elements, such as flow between events. The events or chapters are present in both novels. Ludlum uses three books within his novel along with thirty phoebe bird chapters because The Bourne Identity is far longer than the six chapters Of Mice and Men.This technique is unmistakable for the sole purpose of changing locations in the story with ease in The Bourne Identity Jason and his abetter _or_ abettor travel to different countries, and in Of Mice and Men the only chan ge of location appears within the town and ranch. These two books were written very similarly. Both switched between first and third person depending on what the best way to tell the story was. By changing point of views, Ludlum and Steinbeck were able to develop their themes more thoroughly. The technique of changing perspectives allowed the reader to identify with the main characters, but at the same time, know vital information that would be needed to understand the story.8. Steinbeck 99Robert Ludlum and John Steinbeck are exceptional authors. There novels The Bourne Identity and Of Mice and Men, respectively, have Robert Lattas praise. Woohoo, right? There are more positive, than negative, statements to be discussed. Particularly, Ludlums story is far more intriguing than Steinbecks. The plot and characters all are attention getters. The idea that a man with no memory has instincts that are supra any normal man, and has answers to every question, except his name, is fascinating. The only downfall to Ludlums work appears to be the length of his novel, five hundred some odd pages, that turns out to be a lot of reading time.Steinbecks novel length however, fits the taste well, only one hundred some pages. The olden story in Steinbecks novel, gets negative feedback because its good plot stimulated nothing more than closing eye lids. Praising the literary device of repetition, this gave some indication that what was being read over again would prove useful in assembling a critical evaluation essay. The repetition also forces the information into your brain, meaning it holds significance. Moreover, the theme portrayed among these two novels had some relevance with our current lives, which also served another purpose to reading them Overall, the novels ended up balancing one another. A positive recommendation can be made for both these novels because something can be learned. industrial plant CITEDLectures, Mobel. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962. online http/ /www.nobel.se/literature/laureates/1962/press.htmlLudlum, Robert. The Bourne Identity. New York Richard Marek, 1975Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York Penguin Books, 1978

I Believe Essay Example for Free

I Believe assayTraveling to land of opportunities for future studies is a dream of many people as standards and quality of upbringing is the best in the world. I am wholeness of those lucky people who wished to study in the States and finally landed in united States for this purpose. But it was non an easy task as rulers and ruler for obtaining a scholars visa is hard. But troubles do not end with getting a student visa as after coming to United States, one finds himself entangled in other(a) thorny rules. I myself experienced all these difficulties and hardships before arrival and after arrival in United States.When I applied at the United States consulate in my native country, I had to produce certain bail documents in addition to my I-20 Form (Admission letter from my institute), funding document and passport. Although these certificate documents were necessary to clear the security conditions but it took me many long time to get these from local authorities. Addi tionally, I wanted to come to America xxx days prior to the start of my course date in order to accommodate myself in the Ameri end environment and learn the culture and values of Americans.But again it was not a simple function as I have to get a confabor visa first and it was also necessitate to register with Department of Homeland Security office upon my arrival in United States. After one month, before beginning any studies, I must obtain a change of classification through and through Form I-539 (application for Change of Nonimmigrant Status). As these rules were hard to agnise and were harder to follw, so I decided to end this venture. I believe that these procedures are cumbersome and forces one not to apply for a visa 30 days prior to the corse start date.I also believe that student must come earlier (more than thirty days) to United States to get an acquintance with the local customs, traditions and environment. There is another condition for F-1 visa that students mu st be enrolled as a full-time student at the institution. But sometime Institute does offer long age courses in Language Proficiency but does not give it full time course emplacement to these courses. This creates a lot of problem in getting student visa and students in this case but gets visit visa.I find that Language courses must also be included in the socio-economic class of full time courses or the Visa rule about these courses should be relaxed and a student visa should be issued for these. There is another part of the visa application process an interview at the embassy consular section is required for visa applicants. I believe that this interview process is an extra thing as students waits a lot to be called for interview. Again a communication barrier is another problem because students can not convey the real information due to language inability.He can not understand the questions of the Visa Clearance Office in the right context. This results in the failure of get ting a visa. The immigration rules colligate to medical check-up and vaccinations is another problem that students face. I myself have to undergo a lot of difficult procedures. I believe that vaccination is necessary and United States has the right to allow only the healthy psyche to enter in its territory but these procedures must be simplified. Another hard rule is related to employment.According to the F-1 rules, maximum of 20 hours/week is allowed while the studies are in progress whereas during annual give away periods one can work up to 40 hours a week. I believe that students must be given more time so that they can earn enough to partially support their non-curricular activities. It does not mean that their studies should be sacrificed but they should be allowed according heir spare time. Students should use this money to visit various parts of America and to get knowledge of American culture and geography. Another employment rule is related to on-campus job.One can not take jobs outside the college or institute premises. I figure that this regulation is unfair as only few jobs are available on the campus. Furthermore, every internationalistic student tries to get job on the premises. This makes the situation difficult. So it is not possible for every student to get a job on his/her own campus. I think that this rule should be relaxed and students should b allowed to work in the surroundings of the university or institute. Again after one year, students are allowed to work off-campus s it needs the approval of the institute.I believe that this procedure again creates difficulties for the students. Although jobs in the local surroundings are not rare but they are processed so quickly that after getting an approval from institute, they remain no more available. Although I suffered from only a few of these hard rules but virtually of the prospective students become a victim of one or more of these rules. So I think that these rules should be alter ed in order to take care of the students needs. Government must take foremost to accommodate the students and their genuine requirements.

An essayist writing skills Essay Example for Free

An essayist writing skills Essay fosterage matters the academic distinction as computen within the essayist is the peak of personal pride and the prime of the essayist. This is the background of his imagery skill and panache as he seeks to buzz off the issue analogical and argumentative and in his situation hypothetical. at bottom the context, he redefines the role of education with the general public. This is his onset to express his insight nearly what the general public thinks ab give away situations that reflect on those it knows. BOY. Drop out of school and thats what theyll call you the rest period of your life. Drop out is figurative and intrinsically variable. It is an expression of discontent towards a situation and the person in the situation. It is a moral insight and one that the essayist seeks to use to make a slipperiness against his heroic position as a disadvantaged worker in a oeuvre which is far very some(prenominal) below his qualifications.Drop ou t is what offsets his passion to describe, discuss and put forward his case. It is what could make you a detest to date even without the valuable education you be the same match to the drop out. Today I saw them saying fewthing else is a passionate and morose appeal to his pride gained from the value of education to make him recognizable. He is now a minnow and below the centre of social repute and distinctiveness of an individual. Within these profound contexts within the essayist situation analysis and his insights almost the repercussions of manoeuvres to attain academic distinction yet plunge into a sea of misrecognition by being compared and working as one of those detested and referred as public scorns for their minimal academic capacity is insulting and confusing. To him, it is ailing his conscience.They were untrue in part it turns out that youll get called male child if you do work that others dont respect even if you have a Ph. D. It isnt education that counts, exce pt the job in which you land. This is his perspective, to expound on the uselessness of education comparatively to his situation analysis. Here we see a subtle cry and his way of comparing his part. It is an emotional and socially perceptive ideology. Emotional, since he is in a bad way(p) that he knowledgeable and hoped to supersede social implications and join the league of the learned employed who influence and are the pride of the society.Yet he is now among the least recognized and looked down on. It turns out that youll get called boy if you do work that others dont respect even if you have a PhD This is his point on this perspective, he is learned and qualified yet he works as a lemon cutter and he is not even recognized at the work pull let alone by the barmaid. This point showcases the writers wit and its within this context we decipher the judicious self- exposure of the writers own character. He is clinical and determined a listener and an analytical person. Are you the boy who cuts the lemons?This is w present we discover he is frustrated and feels insulted by circumstances. He is grappling with reality. His point explains the discontentment of the protagonist about his career and the relevancy to his assertion about education being important and suddenly the realization that it is not on or so circumstances Im the man who does It is his acceptance of his fate and an expression of conformity to the circumstances that he is now cavitied in. He finds no discourse in segregating his position due to his education background hence accepts his fate and position as a social perceptiveness.He is no longer focussed on devising his moral authority within the academic faculties to spell out his elite nature as farcified by the billboard impression. Are you the boy who cuts the lemons? Im the man who does is an expression of his seeking to make some points clear within the workplace. It is a coupled methodology of qualification a case clear, emotive a nd correlated to his perspective. This is imagery and metaphoric distinctiveness. His workmates dont even recognize him as an integral part of the workplace.The elevate boy is contentious and he seeks to address the problem of misrecognition by creating a scenario that imparts his distinctiveness which within the workplace is not recognizable. The workmates are oblivious of his qualifications. Here he seeks to make us identify with his vast knowledge which so far he deems useless. In his two expressions which seek to vilify his potential, he mentions that the maid didnt realize is reply that he is the man who does it, not the boy who does it He is making it clear that he is qualified to be in a better and more professional position.Secondly his reflections They assumed that some pack just wont learn respect for others, so you should adapt yourself to them. Dont try to change them. part the right job and they wont call you boy any more. Theyll save it for the next man. It isnt j ust people like this one waitress who learn slowly, if at all. We see lamentations here. He is metaphoric that some people just wont learn respect for others, so you should adapt yourself to them and figurative in context express the right job and they wont call you boy any more.Auspiciously he is figurative in seeking to identify and correlate with the college scenario of the wombats and metaphorical as he seeks to put in place the generalization of excellence and academic capacity as a triviality within workplace on a situation in which, the protagonist is doing the same thing with those without any distinctive capacity so as to make ends meet. He is emphatic, lamentative and perspective as he seeks to make his lingering acrimonious reservation to the degradation of his moral position though he has an invariable better and dignified capacity than what he seems to view as his detractor within the workplace.Certainly I wont forget being called a boy today The essayist is using wor d play to make clear a case of emotions he felt when he was undermined and that he made emphatic efforts to make the scenario change to his favour to no avail. On the basis of dialogue, the writer is seen to converse with the waitress who seems to be merely up to no positively charged perspectives in the conversation. It is in this conversation the writer denounces the waitress and makes the issue of recognition within workplace contentious.This is as seen in this conversation with the waitress and the cook Dana Are you the boy who cuts the lemons? Im the man who does, I replied. Well, there are none cut. There wasnt even a hint that she heard my point. Dana, who has cooked here for twelve years or so, heard that exchange,. Its no use, Jack, he said when she was gone. If she doesnt know now, she never will. vision is the integral in his prose and his title from man to boy is indicative of his perspective to use imagery.He has a varying penchant for long figurative and satirical sentences to make clear some of his sentiments. This is seen as he sums up his forlorn though deciphered from the waitress looking down on him situation. It didnt take much persuasion to get the name dropped. Today there are few students who remember it at all. but I imagine the cleaning women remember it well. Certainly I wont forget being called a boy today. He is coupling exposition and dialogue while at the same time making an inclusion of ethos to actualize his point.

Economics question and answer Essay Example for Free

Economics heading and answer EssayEconomics question and answerIntroductionQuestion 1 War unrest in midsection East has negatively impacted on the harm and quantity of oil in the market. The expectation of fight from Syria and Iraq to spread to Middle East countries movement fear of possible shortages of supply as quite a little may possibly do without oil. As a result people forget buy more to store in provision for future shortages. As the claim subjoins, equipment casualty of oil goes up as people anticipate war unrest in the near future. When eventually the war sets in oil production is disrupted only when people do not demand more since they had enough to cushion the scarcity (Kemp, 2013). In the graph typification be measly, assuming the market was initially at the equilibrium. Since scarcity is expected in future people will by more ( richly demand) to sp atomic number 18 for future. As the demand outgrowth from 150 units to 350 units, the price to a fa ult increases accordingly from $0.25 to $ 0.35. vivid illustration3411220146431000Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 1 when people expect gracious unrest the demand is high but and the prices go up.Question 2 Car and petro are encomiastic good that are consumed together. Taxation on one of the complimentary products greatly in grippeences the price of the some another(prenominal) good. The increase in price of one good causes a cor replying decrease in the price of the other good and infirmity versa. For instance, taxing petrol increase its price, leading to high demand for high dismiss efficient cars. Increase in demand for high fuel efficient cars results to increased price and vice versa. On the other hand increase in price for petrol leads to decrease in demand for low fuel efficient cars thus leading to their low price (Dwivedi, 2012). Many thus will buy high fuel efficient carsGraphical illustrationFigure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 2 price of petrol increases when tax is imposedFigur e SEQ Figure * ARABIC 3 this graph shows increase in demand and price for high fuel efficient when the price for petrol increases due to receiptsFigure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 4 the graph show decrease in demand for high fuel efficient cars when the price of petrol goes upQuestion 3 The fact that suppliers cannot look at represent icteric directly to consumers coupled with the fear of mass death due to anticipated chicken flu results to high supply in the market. When supply increases beyond demand the price falls megabucks. In access since the health official are the only buyers a monopolistic competition comes into play since the price for chicken is not simpleness by the market forces of demand and supply (Taylor, Weerapana, 2012). The equilibrium the will breach to the right.Graphical illustrationlefttopFigure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 5 Excess supplies of chicken in the market results to low demand and eventually falls in price. The farmer expects future unfavorable condition due to bang of chicken flue.Question 4Price snatch of demand is the measure of responsive of the quantity demanded of a product to price change with other factors held ( Dwivedi, 2012).Price Elasticity of Demand (PEoD) = percentage change in quantity demanded (%Q) percentage change in price (%P)%Q = 35 -50 / 50 100= -30%%P = 8 -6 / 6 100= 33.33%Therefore, PEoD = -30 %/ 33.33%= -0.900 As economists we are not interested with the negative sign of our price elasticity of demand and therefore we take the absolute value. Therefore, the price elasticity of demand when price increases from $6 to $ 8 is 0.9.Interpretation. For the above case the demand for the good is price inelastic. This means that the demand for the product does not respond highly ton price changes. As evident in the computation, an increase of price by 33.3 % of the price results to a corresponding decrease of quantity demanded by 30%. The demand thus is not very sensitive to price changes.Question 5(a) Exter nality is an effect or a cost of the consumer behavior that may not be borne by the consumer but by the society. This mean s that the effects are caused by the consumer but the society bears the consequences. Tobacco smoking is among the activities that cause externalities. For instance narcotic in tobacco is believed to cause lung cancer to smokers. However the external cost of providing medical care to smokers is borne by non-smokers, by smokers and the government. Additionally environmental pollution due to smoking is borne by the family members of the smokers friends and even non-smokers strangers. Moreover, smoking has environmental externalities that assume deforestation to nominate room for tobacco growing. Agrochemical used in tobacco production also adds to environmental pollution and degradation. Cigarette wastes are common in all cities, sidewalks and around homes. Although majority of these wastes are biodegradable, the distort and plastic wrappers and remain in the e nvironment for long and the consequences of such pollution are felt by the larger society.5(b) The Australian government in its attempt to control and minimize the external costs resulting from tobacco imposes high tax on tobacco. High taxation on tobacco increases the cost and as a result the demand for tobacco decreases. The tax imposed is transferred by producers to the consumers (smokers). When this happens, the demand curve will shift from right to left as indicated in the graph.Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 6 (Tax increase the price for tobacco leading to low demand and eventually low consumption)Question 6 When entry barriers are eliminated in the market huge number of firms enters the industry resulting to excessive supply of commodities. In a market where entry barriers are limited the price of commodities is determined by the market forces since no firm has control over the market. Excessive supply that is created results to low prices of goods and services offered. In r esponse the price the price goes down due to competition from other firm. As a result, the service that firms were making initially decreases due.Graphical illustration1627833top00Question 7 Oligopolistic market structures is a type of market where by small number of larger firms control the market jointly. The firms trade in almost similar goods. Oligopolistic firms do not engage in price competetion (Vives, 2001).Basing our argument on the game theory where the actions one firm depend on those of other firms, it is evident that when for instance one firm bring lows its price compared to other firms, customers will be attracted by the demoralize prices resulting to other firms making economical loss in their operation. In response to this the other will lower their price slighted below the initial firm eventually attracting the customers. The other firms in the market will build loss and eventually respond by making their prices much lower compared to other firms. This proces s continues until the firms sell at economically a low price that is illustrated by kinked curves (Vives, 2001).There to remain competitive and make profit do not engage in price competition.Alternatives to price completion Oligopolistic firms compete by victimization alternative modes such as advertisement, product differentiation and barrier to entry in the market. Oligopolistic firms undertake a vigorous advertisement of their products both in national and international levels. advertizement is made to make potential difference customers aware of the existence of the product in the market and the good qualities associated with such good and services (Taylor Weerapana, 2012). Advertisement is carried out through mass media and product promotion. In addition oligopolistic firms constantly differentiate their products in foothold of quality and always struggle to come up with new products design that outshine those of competitors. In the young era product differentiation has been enhanced by ever growing technology and innovation. Since oligopolistic firms compete in almost similar goods and services coming up with new products with good qualities gives a firm favor over its market rivals. For instance phones manufacturing firms have constantly developed phone with new applications to remain competitive. Furthermore, the firms create market entry barriers to new firms, a strategy that ensures that the existing share of market. The common market barriers accommodate the patent rights, important government franchises and the existing economies of scale. These barriers ensure that the market is not flooded by some firms that in the long run may reduce the existing firms share of the market control.ReferencesDwivedi, D. N. (2012). Microeconomics. New Delhi, India Pearson procreation/Dorling Kindersley.Kemp, G. (2013). War with Iran Political, military, and economic consequences. Lanham, Maryland Rowman Littlefield PublishersTaylor, J. B., Weerapana, A. (2012). Principles of microeconomics. Mason, OH South-Western Cengage LearningVives, X. (2001). Oligopoly pricing Old ideas and new tools. Cambridge, Mass. u.a. MIT PressSource history