Are Cultures Diminished or Enhanced Through the Process of Globalization?

Are sociableisations diminished or raise through the barelyt of globularisation? An essay by Jaclyn Macdonald- 389686 Globalization offers opportunities notwithstanding presents problems. Connectivity between purifications is developing at an exponential rate. This has ramifications for individual cultures. Incr reliefd interaction, mainly through new media and greater worldwide mobility creates opportunities to enhance cultures but it carries with it the risk of exposure of ethnical erosion as international exploits may overwhelm attitudes, beliefs and values.Globalization is specify as a process in which valetwide economic, political, cultural and kindly relations become increasingly connected across time and office (Thompson, 1995, 149). Globalization is not a modern phenomenon and has its precedents in the empires of Spain, France and Britain among differents. The progressive instruction of economic and political ties of these colonial powers took decades o r centuries to come to realization.The rapidity of this process has been greatly accelerated by the technological and communication developments of recent decades that cause facilitated a dramatic increase in global economic, political, cultural and social integration. Consequently, the public has become increasingly interdependent in the aras of travel, communications, trading and finances, completely of which contribute towards frequent cultural interactions and greater mobility of heap. Globalization brings about a rapidly developing and ever increasing density of the interlocking of interconnections and interdependencies that specify present-day social life. Globalization lies at the heart of modern culture culture practices lie at the heart of globalization. This is the reciprocal relationship (Tomlinson, 1999). Globalization alone does not determine the shape and character of culture nor is culture the only influence on globalization. Edward Tyler defined culture as th at multiplex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any some other capabilities acquired by man as a member of clubhouse (Thompson, 1991). The evolution of echnology, primarily new social media, has created opportunities for individuals to exact to embrace or dismiss the aspects of the cultures they atomic number 18 exposed to. Additionally, they female genital organ process the risk of losing parts of their own cultures to a wave of foreign influences. wizard of the nearly widespread theories of cultural globalization is the idea that the world is meet more uniform and standardized, through a technological, commercial and cultural synchronism emanating from the West (Lange, Meier, 2009, 56).Theorists who support cultural homogenization insist that the spread of globalization has lead to an erosion of cultures and traditions. This view infers globalization to be a euphemism for Hesperian cultural imperialism, proposing ethnocentricity will eventually eradicate individual cultures. Identity is commonly deemed fundamental to human experience Identity is peoples line of descent of meaning and experience (Castells, 1997 6). The ethnocentric view does not recognize that globalization invariably causes individual culture as David Morley comments, unsettleds moved from a world in which . . individualism element was not a central concern, to one in which they were pressed . . . to adopt a particular form of individuality (Rantanen, 2005). Manuel Castells writes Our world and our lives ar being shaped by the conflicting trends of globalization and identity. Opposing homogenization theories, Castells explores the widespread surge of powerful expressions of collective identity that challenge globalization . . . on behalf of cultural singularity and peoples control over their lives and environment (Castells, 1997 2).While homogenization theorists suggest that a global culture will dominate all others, Castells proposes tha t the need for identity drives cultures to extend individual and as such, globalization thus proliferates cultural identities rather than lessen them. Global homogenization has an impact on culture by without delay affecting the production and use of commodities, social relationships, and the dominance of religion in societies. Homogenization does not affect how people relate to each other and how they find meaning and purpose in life. It deserts largely untouched the liberty and agency of the subjects in the creating and changing culture, both as individual and as groups (Friedman, 1994). increase global mobility has produced a fear of the deterioration of cultures however, people argon not merely objects of cultural influences but rather, subjects able to consciously cast out or assimilate culture. This choice to embrace culture is now augmented.Integrating cultures burn down contribute to increasing nationalism repayable to the human need for common sense of belong and i dentity, Hall writes when the era of nation-states in globalization begins to decline, one force out see a regress to a rattling defensive and highly dangerous from of national identity which is driven by a very aggressive form of racism (Rantanen, 2005 97). Nationalism has thrived to accomplish this sense of belonging throughout history and though national identity may not be everlasting it remains today despite increase global mobility.National identities no longer rely on animal(prenominal) location due to media facilitation as people rescue gained the ability to communicate and access information to connect to their nation. International students at the University of Melbourne encounter this threat to their national identities. They atomic number 18 submerged in a new location for three historic period or more with cultures incongruent to that of their homeland. They are faced with the multifariousness of oecumenical Melbourne and the culture of the university itself. I solated from their native culture, international students would easily become overwhelmed by the lifestyle of their new surroundings.However, through communication programs like Skype, Facebook, and Twitter they are able to stay in closer contact and with greater ease than students in previous times. People of individual cultures naturally relate to others who deal out their culture and this bond is immediately apparent when viewing the social relationships on the Melbourne University campus. Students of equivalent backgrounds, ethnicities and spoken communications can often group together on the university campus, insulating themselves from other cultures.Some groups speak in their primary language in order to strike out themselves from others and of course to communicate more effectively. The difficulty inherent in this is that language can be divisive as well as inclusive. It can be a deterrent to other students initiating a conversation if they observe excluded. Cultural i nteraction in tutorials is less divided than in the pass around and unsupervised areas of campus. Though friendships are often formed between those of similar cultures, the interactive style of learning typically deems social groups irrelevant.Students necessarily hurt to communicate more in tutorials with other people. Australias tertiary institutions collapse an important role to play in the shaping of young peoples identities and in the development of active citizenship in an increasingly multicultural and globalized society (Mansouri, Lobo, 2011). multicultural tertiary campuses can offer many another(prenominal) advantages for their students by facilitating greater social understanding of cultural differences and similarities. Creating a educational environment which nurtures and manages cultural diversity effectively is not an easy task. This prudence depends on the professional management and governance of teaching and learning activities, which accepts students to deve lop their full potential (Grobler et al. 2006). Increasing numbers of international students have brought about a level of jeopardy driven by the belief that common values are being eroded because they are distanced from their native lifestyles. The concept, termed deterritorialization, explains the way in which events outside of our immediate localities, action(s) at a distance are increasingly consequential for our experience.Students with migrant backgrounds, who were born in Australia or have lived here for many years, may have issues with their hybrid identity mediating between two cultures, that of their parents and that of mainstream Australian society (Butcher, 2004 215-216). Specifically, it is argued that people worldwide now develop a bicultural identity, which distracts from their local heritage. When students leave their home country to study in Australia, they are breaking the physical connection to their local heritage. Modern culture is less determined by location because location is increasingly penetrated by distance (Giddens, 1991).Before the advances of communication technologies, people were only aware of their physical surroundings, which limited their reception of information and cultural influences. Places provide an anchor of shared experiences between people and continuity over time It enables people to define themselves and to share experiences with others and form themselves into communities (Bennett, 1998, 103). Global mobility has increased through the process of globalization, which breaks the physical bond between cultural groups.Modern engine room works to reconnect people through communication rather than agency. In conditions of modernity, home base becomes increasingly phantasmagoric that is to say, locales are thoroughly penetrated and shaped in equipment casualty of social influences quite distant from them. (Giddens, 1990 18-19). The customary method of social interaction has in many cultures progressed into global online communication rather than traditional opposite interaction. The change in interaction method has produced new social relationships. The diminish need for place in communication is evolutionary in culture.People are no longer determined by their physical surroundings as technology provides them with a choice of the information they receive. When we communicate through telephone, radio, or computer, we are physically no longer determined by where and who we are socially (Meyrowitz, 1985 115). The processes of globalization has evolved concurrently with media technologies, causing telecommunications to be described as the central nervous organisation of the very process of globalization (Castells 1996, Mansell 1994). Media is snappy for providing cultural and symbolic resources worldwide, contributing to its success.Barker has observed, globalization has increased the range of sources and resources useable for the construction of identity (Barker, 1997). According to many the orists, the sense of place has been essentially changed by the arrival of media and communications. Our world is becoming senseless to many because, for the maiden time in modern history, we are relatively without place we are part of a global world. (Meyrowitz, 1985). What many theorists of place have failed to acknowledge is the increasing connectivity, not only between global places, but also within places.Audiences naturally gravitate towards programming choices that appear most relevant or proximate to their own context and thus allow them to seek the pleasure of recognition of their own culture (Straubhaar, 1991) or at long last people like to see something close to their lives (Hong, 1998). The process of globalization creates many benefits for enhancing cultures. The evolution of technology, has most significantly, created opportunities for individuals to view culture as a gustation rather than compulsory.People are now able to make an informed decision about their adop tion of culture through increased information access, the confederacy of economic, technical, social and cultural resources held by media organizations had meant that quantatively and qualitively the media have established a determinant and fundamental leadership in the cultural sphere (Hall, 1977, p. 341). Many external influences threaten to diminish cultural individuality however it is the evolutionary influence of globalization, which has allowed culture to be an individuals choice, which truly enhances culture. References Appadurai, Arjun. modernity at large cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis, Minn. University of Minnesota Press, 1996. ? Barker, James, Bernard William Tenenbaum, and Fiona Woolf. 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