“Explain the concept of homeostasis with reference to the control of heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature and blood glucose levels” Essay

Homeostasis is where the torso gets a constant internal environment. This involves altogether the metabolic processes taking place In the clay as well as the declivity, tissue fluid and wholly the contents in the bodys cells. on that point are a range of variables from bosom of attention prize to the rail line glucose levels that the body pull up stakes chair into account. Negative feedback go off occur when something changes from its normal in the body.The body indeed leave do back with a response to back endcel surface(a) the difference to bring it back to its normal. An casing of this is if blood glucose level falls the body volition hence convert the glycogen in the body to glucose which pass on bring back the energy in the cells to its normal amount. This dust requires receptors so that they are able to detect the change in your body. As well as receptors it in any case occupys a mastery centralize so that the information that has just been receiv ed rout out be neat to hence give the correct response of what the body should do.Most of the control oculuss can be assemble in the foreland. It leave alone also unavoidableness effectors so that after the change has happened and the body is back to normal it can reverse the change to keep the body at its original state. The learning ability and the central dying(p) governing body controls something called the homeostatic mechanisms. This is when they anticipate whether there may be a surface or a fall compared to that of the normal. An character of this is the printing of being ratty or tired this is a precede of having not eaten for a sufficient period of time.This has and then been sent as a message to the intelligence which your brain al down in the mouth then regulate you to eat so that the energy you get from the nutrients in your food provide counteract those feelings and make them disappear. As this is an anticipation from the central nervous system an d the brain it is called feed forward as it hasnt happened yet. Heart cropThe heart is regulated by impulses produced by nerves acting on the sino-atrial node (S-A node). These nerves are called sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The sino-atrial node is found in the upper part of the right atrium it is made up of a cluster of excitable cells. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are both branches that come off the automatic nervous system which controls the heart. The parasympathetic nervous system- This is a calming system as it is active darn the heart is resting. It causes the heart to beat slower than it would normally.The main nerve involved is the nervus vagus nerve without it the heart rate would increase. The sympathetic nervous system- This occurs when the body is feeling stressed. As a moment of it, it causes the heart to beat faster it also adds a boost to the hormone adrenaline which occurs during fear. The nerves involved in this system is called th e cardiac nerves.The sino-atrial node releases nerve impulses that are sent crossways the atrial muscle fibres which causes them to contract. Cells that form the atrio-ventricular node (A-V node) catch those impulses which are then relayed to a band o conducting tissue. This tissue is made from large limited muscle cells that are called Purkinje fibres. So that the atria can complete their contractions and allow the atrio-ventricular valves to death there may be a delay for the transmission to come through. The valves of the hear are found on a fibrous figure-of-eight.It is centred among the atrial and the ventricular muscle masses. The first part of the conducting tissue willing enable the excitatory impulses to be able to cross to the ventricles. It will then split into both sides of the ventricular septum where it will then spread out into their muscles. They pass extremely quickly which result in them contracting which forces the blood to travel around the body to the organs that need it. Breathing rateTo control your breathing there is a respiratory control centre this again is located in the brain stem. This will observe the levels o century dioxide and group O in your blood. It also makes sure that your breathing rest at a steady rate which will maintain equipoise as well as homeostasis In the body. Most of the time you striket have to think about your breathing at all or how you control it as your brain does it automatically for you.However in some cases in aerobic activity you control your breathing for exemplification in Pilates when instructed through each stretch you get told when to inhale and croak during the engagements. Saying that if the oxygen levels go down below a indisputable point your brain will override your control and make you breathe. During exercise or any physical activity that require more oxygen than normal.The oxygen in your blood will decrease while the century dioxide in the blood will increase. When the respirato ry control centre in the brain realises that the levels arent normal as a result it will increase the heart rate and the breathing rate to counteract it. The brain will slow the heart rate and breathing rate in one case the exercise has stopped this will make sure that it maintains the homeostasis in the blood. eyepatch resting your breathing is at a steady rate. This means that there will be the right amount of oxygen in the blood on the inhale as a result the right amount of carbon dioxide will come out the blood in exhale. Body temperatureonce more the brain controls the body temperature. Specifically in the brain it is the hypothalamus processing centre that controls the exact temperature the body is. The brain will trigger changes to the effectors around the body for example to the sweat glands . If the body temperature is not maintained then it can either become overly cold resulting in hypothermia or likewise hot resulting in heat stroke either can be fatal.On average your normal body temperature is 37C. Our body maintains this temperature by balancing the heat we generate compared to the heat we lose in familiar life. Saying that not our whole body is 37C for example are fingers and toes remain at a lower temperature as a result of the energy being lost from the blood while travel to the tips. There are temperature receptors in our splutter which once detects change in the external temperature will send a message to the hypothalamus in the brain. once more in the hypothalamus processing centre (brain) which will detect the changes in temperature of the blood. There are 2 ways in which the brain tells the body to keep its temperature at 37C.The first one is if someone is really cold then the hair on the contend if the hair is on ends then it will trap more warmth compared to if it is flat on the skin. The punt one is if someone is really hot then the glands on their skin secrete sweat which increases the loss of heat when it evaporates, as a res ult it cools the body down, It slows back down when the body temperature returns to normal. During vasodilatation the warm blood will flow closer to the surface of the skin so that the heat will be able to transfer into the air. As a result of this the skin will become redder. During vasoconstriction which is where the blood vessels that supply war blood constrict, as a result this will reduce the blood flow in turn this will reduce the heat that can be lost. In this case their skin will look pale. Blood glucoseThis involves the kidneys keeping the body of water supply balance at the correct level of water in and out of the body. This will ensure that that the cells in our body work efficiently. The kidneys is where the blood gets filtered while passing through, these molecules are made up from water, glucose, salt and a bodge product called urea. It then will reabsorb what the body needs which includes glucose salts and water back into the blood.It then travels around the body. The products that havent been fully listless are excreted from the body. It mainly consists of urea but there may be left over water glucose and salts that the body doesnt need. In the brain the pituitary gland controls how much ADH is produced and released into the bloodstream which as you live travels to the kidneys to get filtered. Which in turn controls the concentration of urine. It also checks the concentration of blood plasma.When there isnt enough water in the body the hypothalamus will detect it and send a message to the pituitary gland which will then release the ADH hormone, this will ensure that the urine is more concentrated resulting in less water, this will be maintained by the kidneys. As a result the water levels in the blood will return to normal. Cells make their energy from the glucose in the body this is why glucose levels need to be regulated tightly. As a result of this if there is too much glucose in the body may lead to diabetes 2, if too low it may lead t o starvation of the body.In the body there are many reasons for the rise and fall of the glucose levels. For example digestion after a repast and the production of insulin by the liver these both lead to a rise in the glucose levels. An example of a fall in glucose levels is the transportation of the cultivated cabbage into the cells as well as the loss of glucose through the urine. The regulation of the glucose levels relies on a variety of things from molecules to organs and cell types. BibliographyEdexcel Level 3 health and Social Care Bookhttp//www.ehow.com/how-does_5101742_describe-regulation-blood-glucose-levels.html