Sunday, March 31, 2019

Who are the Mongols and what did they do?

Who argon the Mongolianians and what did they do?Who ar the Mongols?They argon a tribe that has miscellanea of groups, nowa day terms they pervade into China, Mongolia, and Russia.In the past they were great invaders that controlled Europe and Asia.The fix Mongol appeared in Tang Dynasty in the 8th century as an invading tribeThey became to a greater extent powerful after the f exclusively(prenominal) of Liao Dynasty (1125). subsequently the Tatars and Jin Dynasty weakened them.Where did the Mongols live?It is the dwelling place for the Mongolians and Turkic, it is similar to tents, exclusively has recondite wall.It is not stable, however, it squeeze out be assembled again transported easily, such(prenominal) as transported by camels to be rebuilt in an separatewise(prenominal) places.The Founder of the Mongol conglomerate Genghis caravansaryHe was the founder of the Mongol Empire in 1206 and invaded Europe and Asia.He meliorate writing system, brought religion, and made a unified empire.Before he died, he split his empire for his sons and grandsons.Mongol ConquestThe Mongols conquest was passim the early 13th Century, throughout Europe and Asia.They might began their conquest beca persona slight people traded with them and began to trade with Jin and Xia Dynasty.Another reason is that Genghis caravan inn believed that it was Gods commissioning.Central Asia ulterior the unification, Genghis khan started to expand his empire starting from the Khwarezmid Empire or Iran.The universe of discourse in Islamic Central Asia and northern Iran was decreased because to each one Mongolian soldier was required to kill a certain number of person, such as 24.EuropeThe Mongols started the invasion in Rus, the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223 surrounded by the scouts.Over 1237-1240, they destroyed all the cities in Europe except Novgorod and Pskov.The register was the journey wrote by the Giovanni de Plano Carpini, the envoy of the Pope.Middle EastT hey invaded Iran, Iraq, Syria, and parts of Tur secern, later they also went to Gaza into Palestine in 1260-1300.The Battle of Baghdad and the Battle of ain Jalut occurred and the Muslims were the first ones to be able to stop the Mongol force at Ain Jalut.East AsiaThey invaded China, which later they set the kwai Dynasty, Japan, Vietnam, and Korea.When they invaded Korea, Korea was forced to be the vassal and becoming an ally of Yuan Dynasty in the future.The Founder of the Yuan Dynasty Kublai KhanHe was the 5th great khan of the Mongol Empire and grandson of Genghis Khan.He found Yuan Dynasty in 1271 and the Mongols ruled China since then.He died at the age of 72 due to his conflicts and sadness in the empire.Marco Polo and Kublai KhanMarco Polo met Kublai Khan and became a confidant for him from 1214-1294, as well as official.Kublai Khan liked him, he requested Marco to tell him about the instauration.As a reward, he gave Marco and his brother the gerege (the golden tab permit) to protect them.Yuan Dynasty, the End of the Mongol EmpireIt was in betwixt the Song and Ming Dynasty (1271-1368)Kublai Khan maintained the Chinese government during this dynasty, or absolute monarchy.Later the dynasty had a famine and conflicts in the midst of people, and the Chinese overthrown them and became the Ming Dynasty.Use of 3-4 HorsesEach soldier exit amaze 3-4 horses because they arouse travel for a long period of opus without resting of the horse.They would switch horses throughout their traveling. Using this advantage, each soldier provoke scout easily and defend the routes.Cavalry Archers60% of the Mongols were archers that ride horses, they were real light and could maneuver.Mongolian horses were employ, they were quick and sturdy.The Mongols also used stirrups to make the archers shoot arrows in any directions. disruption Tribal ConnectionIn the past, many tribes were fighting each other such as Naimans, Merkits, Tatars, and Keraites and they often caus es blood feuds.When Genghis Khan had new soldiers that came from those tribes, he set leaders to divide them and cut the heritage connections to prevent conflicts.biological WarfareInfected Mongolians were thrown using catapults over the Crimean walls.The plague spread inside Crimea and spread to Sicily, North Africa, Southern Italy, and Europe in 1348, or the famous Black Death.They thought that the stench killed them, but it was actually the plague.Mongol BowIt was constructed by many types of material, or Composite acquiesce.This type of bias was used during Genghis Khans reign and could shoot in a far exceed with great accuracy.Range of the BowIn Siberia, there is a lapidate that was inscribed says that in the time after Genghis Khans conquest of East Turkestan, Genghis Khans nephew irradiation a target at 536 meters.In a novel Khkh Sudar, it describes 5 Mongolian soldiers hitting the target for 3 times using the bow at about d meters.The KharashWhen a city surrender to th e Mongols, the Mongols would pull together the people in the city out and force them to be benevolent shields.They would push them in front of the army and let them call in arrows and other attacks. This tactic can also feared the other enemies of the Mongols.FlankingThe Mongols would set leaders and let them split the army into groups, about 10 10,000 troops per group.They would flank their enemy from the sides using the groups of troops, such as 500 to right side and 500 to left side.EncirclementThis tactic was used to prevent the escaping of the people in the city theyre fighting with.Basically, they would surround the city from both side, and support each other.If they fail, they would flee, choosing to save the soldiers, and study the opponent for the next times attack.Feigned hideoutThe Mongols would pretend to retreat and lure the enemy into the position where they set out advantage.If they used this tactic at one time, they would wait for days or weeks to trick the e nemy that they were truly defeated, then they would attack the enemy later.Impact of renewal on Consumer fashion GoogleImpact of first appearance on Consumer Behavior GoogleIntroductionAs intent is becoming a emulous necessity for marketers, and it is having an consequential role on modern organizations all the companies worldwide are promoting it on their occupation operations. In this paper I impart explain what trade outline organizations use to make changes in parliamentary procedure to survive in this last competitive environment. My intention on this yield is to see how a specific marketing outline, like origin, influences on consumers conduct. Innovation is one of the main tools that organizations use in aim to corroboratoryly influence consumers buying behaviour and move in more guests. To better see to it plan and the role that it has on a phoner I leave behind first define it and then bring a real showcase from a well-known participation and exp lain the ship look that this company uses in order to call forth excogitation. The company I ingest to analyze is Google since it is consider as creation both a roaring and fundamental company in a short period of time. By many researches and surveys conducted the worlds close groundbreaking companies today are considered to be orchard apple tree Computer, Google, Toyota Motor, and Microsoft with Apple the top leader. (James P. Andrew, 2006, p.4)Brief Description of the Topic and the Position I sacrifice takenNowadays organizations are operating in a unshakable economic crisis. Competition is becoming intense from day to day and companies are hardly trying to attract new customers and also cover the quick once. Economic crisis leads to uncertainty of the employees and employers and in this situation the companies are requiring a high resistance of change in order to survive. The marketing plane section and consumers are the main tools in the process of organization al change, collaborating with customers go forth be the key for their mastery. fit in to creature and Olson 2010, understanding consumers is a critical agent in break offing successful marketing strategies. (p.13)The position that I take in this paper is supporting the use of innovation in companies. I think that innovation influences positively to consumers, and I am in favour of promoting innovation in companies as it will have a strong influence on consumers buying demeanor. Innovation will make the products more attractive for consumers, and they will be more curious to try them. According to James P. Andrew, 2006, innovation today remains the top strategic revolve about for many companies where 72% of the executives have ranked it as the top-three strategic anteriority in the company importance for influencing consumers behaviour. The same percentage of executives said that they will increase lapseing on innovation in the coming days as they perceive it as the arou nd important tool for living(a) in this turbulent business environment that is weed today. Promotion of innovation in a company should be developed in a way that it supports marketing strategies and consumers of necessity and wants.Innovation as a Marketing dodgingTraditionally innovation is defined as the creation of new products and function for new customers or also for existing once, it also refers to the advancement of existing products in order to achieve appeal reduction. In his article for innovation, Buxton, 2005, explains that the levels of innovation and creative thinking in a company can be improved with the appropriate management and organization as they are not born(p) with people but are developed through the work palpate that people make. For Buxton innovation in a company is far more about prospecting, mining, refining and adding value to gold than it is about alchemy. Rather than counseling on the invention of the brand new, one might better attain for cr eative insights on how to combine, develop and leverage what is already out there, but hidden, or not understood. (William Buxton, 2005, p.1) Rogers, 1998, p.6 explains that the highly innovative firms would be expected to have higher percentage of sales compared with firms that make new or improve products.It is genuinely important that executives in a company have innovative ideas and explain to others how important innovation is to the future of the company. The complexity and crisis of todays business needs a strong focus on innovation and also in the way of thinking distinguishablely in order for companies to be diverse from others and try to survive on the market by attracting new customers. As a company innovator Buxton says that it is not enough to simply have great ideas. If you wanted the ideas to come to fruition, you had to spend as much time directing your innovation and creativity to fostering a culture of creativity and receptiveness to innovation within the compan y, as you spend on the ideas themselves. (William Buxton, 2005, p.2)So, we can say that innovative activity requires a strong collaboration from all the elements of the firm. In order to further innovation for a company it is rattling important the use of new technology, which allows the company to be more competitive in the market and resolve in a faster way to the market needs.Defence of my Position Why Companies Should Invest on Innovation?As it is explained on James P. Andrew article 2006, and as we have in condition(p) on MBA courses, companies all over the world practice innovation with a main and primary objective which is a fast growth and success in the industry. otherwise companies say that drop on innovation is the scoop out practice to eliminate the risk of the company. There is no single scoop out organizational structure for innovation. Indeed, al near any company, regardless of size, shape, culture, or graded structure, can be innovative. (James P. Andrew, 20 06, p.22)There are different marketing tactical maneuver that marketers can influence consumer demeanor and increase their prob force of grease ones palms. According to Peter and Olson (2010) the first tactic used by marketers is obtaining information on consumers affect, cognition, and behavior relative to the product, service, store, brand or model of concern through consumer research. (pg.232) establish on the information received from the consumer research data marketers formula different marketing mix stimuli, one of which is innovation. Research and Development is considered as the most important innovative tool for companies, and most of the companies all over the world are spending most of their cashs on RD as they believe that it is the beat out way on helping the companies on cost savings and enhances their ability to develop products and services which will be attractive for customers. (James P. Andrew, 2006, p.3) Product design and idea generation are very importan t in maintaining customer loyalty and having higher sales than when companies are focusing only on the financial side.I support the investment on innovation because from the articles I read on this topic, the top innovative companies mentioned above, which have highly invested on innovation have gained customer trust, better quality, a better organizational culture, and a long-term customer relationship. These features that the companies gain from the innovation strategy are the most important once for the positive influence on consumer behaviour and for the economic growth of the company. According to Muller et. al. 2004, today investment in innovation projects is more than ever important because it helps the companies to develop new businesses, create new customers and maintain the old once, creates new market entrants, shortens product brio cycle and helps the companies to maintain competitive advantage. So, even if companies spend some money on promoting the innovation, for th em should not be considered as a problem because they will gain this money in a short period of time, and beside this they will also gain a good reputation which is considered as the most important asset that a company can have.How Google Promotes InnovationGoogles mission is to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful. (Iyer, 2008, p.3) Google is considered to be a company which is very successful and at the same time is ranked the second company after Apple on the worlds most innovative companies. But how does this leader company in its industry promote innovation as the key of its success? Iyer 2008, on his article has considered Google as being an innovation machine as it has been considered as the creator of new approaches to business and management innovation by using the trump technology and investing a huge amount of money, a strategy that allowed the company to develop innovation in a short period of time. What mostly matters for this c ompany, are the new ideas and new products that Google announces every day and not the financial moolah that it makes. Iyer, 2008, further explains that this innovation strategy that Google has used allowed it to have a speedy growth in the market, a huge product development, to be more satisfied and motivated and also to have better customer relationships.The key success for the companys innovation strategy are its creators, independent software vendors, Google engineers and sluttish source community who by collaborating together make up a diverse product development network, develop new offerings that keep consumers engage, refund revenue and extend value of Googles tools and technology. (Iyer, 2008, p.5) The strategy on innovation promotion has worked perfectly on Google, and it has produced many new products and features that have positively influenced on consumer behaviour. Another strategy that Google has used on promoting innovation is the estimation on time of market cha nges and the offer of the new products and services quickly than other firms. So, we can see that Googles strategies to innovation are unique, and they have allowed the company to attract the most talentsed employees and engineers and a lot of satisfied consumers. So, looking how consumers respond to innovation from the above examples, I strongly defend my position on using innovation as a positive marketing strategy.The Other Side of the Coin People who dont Accept Investing in InnovationDifferent companies will use different methods and tools to promote innovation, and with the passing of time all companies improve their methods of innovating as new things come out very quickly. But not all companies accept innovation as a marketing strategy to attract more customers. Some think that it is costly while other dont have the right resources to promote it. As we can see on the article of Muller et. al. 2004, some companies that cannot innovate by themselves have invested more by buy ing innovation in order to survive, Coca-Cola acquired Mad River Traders, which is a market of alternative beverage, but this is a strategy that costs more to the companies than when innovating alone, and they dont prefer using it. For a company it is very important to have money and to invest in order to promote innovation. Rogerss article explains that investment in new machines, marketing expenditures, investment in training and the bargain for of new technology are considered as the most important field of investment which help the company to promote innovation. galore(postnominal) companies dont have the money, and many others dont have the right employees to push the company promote innovation. Muller et. al explains that the most important things that promote innovation in a company are the amount of capital invested on it, the talent which are the employees, and the time that is dedicated to innovation strategies. May companies dont support the investment on innovation bec ause of the lack of capital.In order to succeed in an innovation project it is very important that executives and employees of the company should make a training and research in innovation. They should be able to estimate the electric potential market for the new idea, what innovation tools are needed for an innovation strategy and what methodologies should be available to the employees. Especially in todays economic crisis, most of the companies dont spend money on training and RD for innovation they prefer to spend them in other fields. Other challenges that companies face when they try to become innovative are, globalization, organizational issues (such as metrics and measurement, structure, and people), and leadership remain three of the biggest challenges facing companies that are seeking to become more innovative. (James P. Andrew, 20064) But, based on the data and example I gave above I think that their position on this topic is not good. Comparing the positive and negative sides of innovation it has more positive once as it satisfies more its customers and positively influences on their buying behaviour.Conclusions reason my paper I can say that based on what I researched on innovation, and the knowledges I had on Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Strategy lessons, I have learned that innovation and its promotion in a company improves a lot business processes by giving to the company cost advantages, quality advantages, and consumer satisfaction which are the key performance objectives that allow a good operation strategy in any organization. Today all the companies are taking advantage from the new technologies and innovation in order to be the leaders of the market and to gain the highest market share by attracting more customers.So, as the result of this intensive business climate and high availability of information system, the company should frequently redesign and innovate in order to achieve improvement for their future operations and to be at t op levels in the market where it operates. Before starting to implement an expeditious innovation promotion in a company it is very important for people who will guide it to consider it from the financial point of understand, users view and also from opportunities that the innovation system will give for development in the future. I have also learned that after the implementation of the innovation system for further succeeds it is very important for the firm to make nonstop control and improvements of it and also to have a higher collaboration between the innovation promotion and all other departments of the company where innovation will be promoted. A good customer relationship is also very important for the implementation of the best marketing strategy, as customers are the once whose need will be satisfied with the creation of the product.When developing innovation a firm should start by analyzing the behavior of its consumers and designing the best marketing strategies that f its their needs. As explained by Peter and Olson (2010) marketers have to analyze and understand not only consumers of their products and brands but also consumers of competitive offerings and the reason they purchase competitive products. (p.13) Through consumer research, marketers obtain information on consumers affect, cognition and behavior based on the product or service they are button to produce. Understanding consumers help in developing successful marketing strategies, while the implementation of the right marketing strategies makes possible the increase of chances that consumers will have positive feelings about the product or service, and will repeatedly purchase them.

Saturday, March 30, 2019

Workplace Morals and Ethics

Workplace Morals and EthicsIntroductionOver the olden few years, principles of clean-livings and deterrent example philosophy be in possession of become an integral breach of the cultural structure of the workplace. Thus, most constitutions and industry associations now incorporate these principles inwardly their code of practice. The inclusion of these principles is intended to improve the professionalism of the argument employees. The purpose of this require is to evaluate how this aid to professionalism is achieved indoors a property industry environment. explanation of Morals and EthicsWhilst the boundarys ethics and morals have varied meanings, both(prenominal) are intrinsic whollyy tie in. The RICS professional ethics guide (2000) believe on the definition as ethics being the code of moral principles, with morals being defined as the linked to the tolerateed well-worn of conduct from the individual. When translating this to a business environment, the soci ety have used the term giving of unrivaleds best to ensure that clients interest are properly cared for, but in doing so the wider habitual interest is in like manner recognised and respected.However, as a survey carried out by the analogous organisation (Poon 2004), this code is not unanimously achieved within the property and twirl industry, where reduction in ethical standards was perceived by thirty eighter from Decatur percent of the respondents, despite the fact that, when faced with ethical issues, the clients interest were seen as the most important.Moral and ethical principles in the workplacePrinciples of morals and ethics are uniquely connected with the concept of right and wrong (Harris and Moran 2000, p.321) and therefore, one would call them to be a primary focus for every organisation and its work ethics. Society itself is establish upon the maintenance of certain standards which one would expect to be transferred to the workplace (Harris and Moran 2000, p.7). T he aforementioned(prenominal) researchers have stated that dissever of the problems linked with the failures in work ethics give notice be linked with the authority that the media promotes recreation and leisure as more important (ibid p.235).Nevertheless, as the public perceptions of standard has moved more towards standards of quality and gain in modern years, organisations have begun to focus on the need for the introduction of ethical codes and standards. every(prenominal) organisations, irrespective of whether they are in a commercial environment or not, are performing a public service. The aim is to provide a product or service to the end drug user that is fit for the purpose, offered pretty without biased, does not offend, is legal and satisfies the demands and expectations of the consumer. For example, within the construction industry this would mean producing a product (a house) that is fit to be lived in and of a standard that householders would expect. In other organisations connected with the property industry, such as surveyors, wanness and reality in their service is also expected by the consumer. There are numerous incidence where properties have been found unfit, despite assurances of standard from both the construction and property services organisations. Such issues also arise in the public sector. Despite moves towards a market-oriented system (Gilroy and Woods 2002, p.203), consumers still expect standards to be maintained. Harris and Moran (2000, p.279) state that public service, and for this can be included any service or product delivered to the consumer, is a moral responsibility.However, to achieve this position, moral and ethical principles must be applied both all the business stakeholders, both internal and external. This leave behind include suppliers, employees and consumers. If each is treated jolly and ethically, then they in turn willing treat others in the same manner.For example, if a supplier of raw materials i s treated unfairly by a construction company, in terms of being pressured to unacceptably reduce prices or wait for payment, in other words treated unfairly, they are apparent to feel that it is acceptable for them to treat the construction customer in the same manner. This will reflect on the moral standard the end user receives.Internally within the organisation, the same scenario would apply. If employs are treated unfairly or unequally, it will affect their working ethic. Unfair methods of the promotional choice methods can often reflect this (Harris and Moran 2000, p.187). People who are unfairly excluded from promotion will fell that the company has not treated them ethically or equally, which is part of the reason that equality has become a central part of example laws (Kirton and Greene 2002, p.201).Moral and ethical codes can only be implemented if based around a culture of dialogue (Farrell et al 2003, p.103). As Simon Webley (2001) of the land of Business Ethics sugges ts it is a matter of asking question, of both oneself and others within the organisations. For the instigator of any finding, Webley suggest that they should consider the following points.Are the reasons for my ratiocination transparent and is there an objection to others knowing the decision-making process?If I bewilder this decision, whom will it affect and will it cause harm?Would others consider this decision fair to all who are affected by it?In essence, it is a question of treating others as one would expect to be treated. Therefore, ethics intrust not only upon the behaviour of the individual, but also upon the interaction between groups of people, including management, especially within the workplace (Harris and Moran 2000, p.14).An ethical code will have a positive impact in the workplace and the stakeholders attached to it. taking the example of the construction industry, if a supplier is treated fairly and in the right manner, they will respond in kind, providing a q uality of goods and service that will enhance the delivery ability of the constructor. Similarly, if the construction employee is treated with pallidness and consideration, they will become more productive in their work and respond in a positive manner to the customer. Lastly, if the constructor takes an ethical climb to the house that they are building, incorporating the right standards and quality, then the consumer will be satisfied. The terminus of this ethical process being met at all stages is that the business and all connected with it will be satisfied and secure and the organisations involved will achieve economic growth ((Bellamy and Warleigh, 1998 453-6). Quoted in Mary Farrell et al 2002, p.114) remainderAs can be seen from this research, the introduction of ethical codes does improve the actuality of fairness and, from the end users view, the perception of standard. Therefore, the employees of the business, in any position, will be considered to be behaving in a more professional manner. It follows that ethical and moral codes are a significant aid to professionalism.ReferencesFarrell Mary et al (eds) (2002). European desegregation in the 21st century Unity in Diversity. SAGE Publications. London, UK.Gilroy bloom and Woods Roberta (2001). Housing Women. Routledge. Oxford, UK.Harris, Philip. R and Moran Robert T (2000). Managing Cultural Differences Leadership Strategies for a New World of Business. Gulf Publishing. Houston, US.Kirton Gill and Greene Anne-Marie (2001). The dynamics of managing diversity. Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford, UK.Schneider Susan and Barsoux Jean-Louis (2003). Managing Across Cultures. assimilator Hall. Harlow, UK.Webley, Simon (2007). Eight Steps for a company wishing to develop its have corporate ethics programme. convey of Business Ethics. Retrieved 14 May 2007 from http//www.ibe.org.uk/developing.htmlPoon, Dr Joanna (2004). The study of ethical behaviours of surveyors. Retrieved 17 May 2007 from http//www.rics.or g/NR/rdonlyres/B5CE6FFE-C764-4648-81DF-C2C6079E68E1/0/ethical_behaviour.pdf sea captain ethics (2000). Professional ethics guidance note Part 1 introduction. Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors. London, UK.

Analysing the change in the role of the management accountant

Analysing the change in the federal agency of the prudence controlThis get to is pore on critically evaluating the tenacity of the change in the mapping of the c ar controller from conventional explanation partings to that of a strategical planner and patronage better half.The work of Johnson and Kaplan (1987), titled Relevance lost has prompted a drill-down on this question bea. Though nearly of the researchers agree to the changing component of the caution controller (Burns and Baldvinsdottir, 2005 Cooper and Dart 2009 Al roundabout 2000 Chenhall and Langfield-Smith2007 Siegel1999 Kerby and Romine 2005 Vaivio1999 Ittner and Lacker2001 Ax and Bjornenak 2007Bhimani 2006Roslender and Hart 2002). The importance the tralatitious component part still awaits vital to a nonher(prenominal)s, and should serve to complement the tonic-sprung(prenominal) techniques or the change. (Bromwich and Bhimani 1998 Burns et al. 1999). some others atomic number 18 of the view that history is still a relevant part of the future or the changing trend. (Fleischman and Funnell 2006 Luft 1997Beaman and Richardson2007).The type of placement as hale as the direction may also check over the nature of change. Yazdifar and Tsamenyi(2005). This change does not take the same form in organic laws, more than(prenominal)over differs in pattern. Sulaiman and Mitchell (2005). With the usher in economical miasma, some researchers are fifty-fifty advocating a return to the old ways the tralatitious portion, (Baldvinsdottir et al (2009).The runner section of this work go away in that respectfore review these views presented and try to evanesce a comparison between these views to see if the role of the worry restrainer has actually changed and to what extent. This result be do drawing support from literatures. It pass on immediately be followed with some of the new roles the counsel comptroller is fetching up in organizations. on that pointafter th e position of handed-down story utilisation in this new trend of events bequeath be discussed. This ordain enable us to kat once where to place the traditional be role, whether it has lost its public-service corporation and should be totally discarded or should serve to compliment the new roles.Next to that, some of the new techniques in guidance invoice that organizations are adopting, the factors that are driving the change in role as well as their significance to the new role will be discussed. Conclusions will then be drawn as to the counseling accountants roles change.The changing role of the attention accountant.Johnson and Kaplan (1987) are deemed to charter set the sail in this wrinkle with their book titled Relevance lost the rise and fall of trouble history. These strong terms used by them has prompted or necessitated a bevy of research work in this direction. They betoken that the existing form of steering write up lacked the know-how to meet up with t he dynamic billet surround. Their argument was support by citing technological advancements, culture technology, as well as international and domestic competition as reasons making the existing uses inadequate.According to an bind published in the Journal of Accountancy (Most Companies Want Their CPAs to Be crinkle Strategists, Survey Says, 1996), much more is now being demanded of the solicitude accountants at heart organizations. Their jobs are going beyond the preparation of monetary statements as explanations and interpretation are now required of them of the information they contribute. The management accountant is wherefore a high-level last support specialist.Kerby and Romine (2005) argue that for management accountants to remain a relevant part of their organizations, there must be a change in stress from the traditional report practices which involves the counting, abbreviation, interpretation and origination of financial information. They advocate that the management accountant should be versed with friendship about changes touching the personal line of credit of his organization and imbibe qualities that would enable them take to the woods as full-fledged business partners.Smith (2007) opined that the focus of the management accountant within organizations is now shifting to the external environment. That the management accountant is no more uniformed of what happens externally to his organization, He now looks both inwards and outwards.Cooper and Dart (2009), give support to this view that, management accountants are moving from being information domiciliaters to supporting the decision making. Siegel (1999), illustrious that management accountants were before now not knobbed in the actual decision-making growth, but acted in support of the decision makers and later got informed of facts. But the role of the management accountant had changed and greater part of their time was being dog-tired as internal consultants or busi ness analyst within their companies. comparable most of the other writers he attributes this changing role to the advancement in technology which he states has freed the management accountant from what he describes as automatic accounting. He stated that the new role of the management accountant now involves a lot of direct contacts with people throughout their organizations, and that they are more involved in decision making and cross-functional teams. This he termed evolution from military service internal clients to being business partners.The management accountant as strategic planner and business partner.The central message of this work has been on the management accountant assuming the role of strategic planner and business partner as opposed to the traditional role of corporate cop and attic counter. The management accountants role has evolved and is shaping up into a strategic financial planner and manager of information. The management accountant is said to be having les s(prenominal)(prenominal) to do with the routine accounting practice. (Siegel 2000, Cooper and Dart, 2009, Latshaw, A. and Choi, Y., 2000).New areas of focus of the management accountant include the development of financial plans, information technology systems management, parcel in the formation of business objectives as well as observe results and keeping up with marketing objectives. Others are management and organization of workforce, contend advisory role in operational decisions, programmes and projects. (Feeney and Pierce, 2007).For the management accountant to function effectively as business partner, certain attainments must be acquired. This will include the quality of analyzing and processing oral and numeric data into significant information. This should be buttressed by the ability to work effectively in a team. (Curruth, 2004)As business partner, the management accountant combines both the traditional role of protecting the assets of the business with a new role o f summary and participation in decision making in the business administration.(Kennedy and Sorensen, 2006).Caron (2006), draw steps that should be taken for the management accountant to assume the position of a business partner. They includeActing as operation and fellowship expert.He/she should be able to provide lift out practice information and strategic skills.Should be able to put to practice the familiarity acquired in developing strategic management plans.He/she should be able to muster the human resources at his disposal.He/she should be able to disseminate accounting information effectively.Management accounting the position of the traditional role.Although Johnson and Kaplan(1987) opined that the traditional accounting role of the management accountant had lost its value and arrive at argued that it is no more relevant to the dynamism of todays world, not everyone believe their opinion is best for management accounting, and have thus expressed their reservations. ( Bromich and Bhimani 1989 Burns et al 1999 Yazdifar and Tsamenyi 2005).Baldvinsdottir et al. (2009) are of the opinion that a return to the traditional or mechanical accounting methods is of great importance especially at this period of economic down-turn. They argue that although the sparking plug about the changing role of the management accountant, a lot of the traditional accounting role has relatively remained the same over some(prenominal) decades.Luft (1997) is of the view that history serves as a platform for understanding the present that the lapses of the present could actually be alleviated by referring back to history.Fleischman and Funnell (2006), while agreeing with Johnson and Kaplan, that it is important that management accounting reports provide management with information that will aid them in minimizing cost and breakd productivity, argue that although these activities are advancing looking, they have to be based on what they described as intragroup dependenc e between the past and future.They insist this is necessary because of the uncertainties and instabilities associated with commercial environments, conjugated with the intricatsies of management. That, management accountants in the course of severe to make the information they provide more reclaimable to their organizations should bear in mind that this should be done in observation of necessary ethical issues.Beaman and Richardson (2007) found out in their research that accounting practices within organizations are being confined to the traditional role, instead of the expected role of decision support and problem solving.There has been the acknowledgment of the wide use of traditional accounting techniques in most organizations as opposed to the supposed expectation of radically new advanced(a) accounting techniques being adopted by these organizations. ( Burns and Scapens, 2000).Emerging techniques in management accounting.Some relatively new trends/techniques have emerged wi th the aim of tackling the inadequacies of the traditional accounting methods. Some of them have been lauded as the new champions of management accounting solution providers in organizations. (Cooper and Kaplan, 1991). Although these techniques are highly praised, their adoption and murder may not have been as widely accepted as the hype associated with them. (Collier and Gregory, 1995 Roslender and Hart, 2003).These techniques includeActivity based costing (ABC) The advent of ABC has changed the practice of cost allocation requiring that management accountants develop more analytical skill to tackle the complexities of allocating overheads to different cost objects using cost drivers. (Burns and Yazdifar, 2001 Byrne and Pierce, 2007 Anderson, 1995). ABC make the management accountant an essential part of the decision making process by focusing on pertinent information needed to improve firm murder financially and market wise. (Kennedy and Affleck-Graves, 2001). Kaplan and Anderso n (2004) however noted that organizations have abandoned ABC because of its failure to capture the complex nature of their operations, the delays of implementation and the cost effect which are usually too expensive.Balanced carte du jour (BSC) The balanced scorecard enables the management accountant to strategically measure performance and develop a framework for the strategic measurement and management systems (Kaplan and Norton, 2007). It changes emphasis from financial aspect to embracing customer, internal and as well as learning and growth factors of organizations. (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). This has altered the role of the management accountant placing him strategically as a decision support specialist. (Latshaw and Choi, 2002). BSCs are adopted by firms for strategic performance measurement, but the outcome of these measures is usually developed to gouge operational strategy, however it was noted that organizations often fail in trying to put BCS into a particular use (Wier sma, 2009). Atkinson (2006) noted that the BSC has been found insufficient from empirical results of its proceedss.Strategic management accountingStrategic management accounting (SMA) SMA shifts the focus of management accountant to non-financial factors external to the organization. (Simmonds,1981). It demands that the management accountant be knowledgeable in topics like performance indicators development, value chain analysis as well as capacity cost management. It broadens the scope of the management accountant beyond the firm to strategizing for competitive market and opportunities. (Whiteley, 1995). SMA requires the management accountant as a member of the cross functional team which his role now embraces to bring to bear relevant information and expertise that will aid decision making. (Roslender and Hart, 2001). The management accountant now addresses the impact of other non-financial activities, the cost position of competitors, and evaluation of rival products and service s. These activities have placed the management accountant in the significant role of strategic planner and business partner.(Whiteley, 1995 Langfield-Smith, 2008).However, Roslender and Hart (2003), noted that what constitutes strategic management accounting is still not clearly defined. Collier and Gregory, (1995) opined that the level of implementation of strategic management accounting may defer in different economies. That is, the economy determines the strategy and functionality of the management accountants.Enterprise resource planning (ERP) ERP requires the management accountant to have big(a) knowledge that will enable him to provide information that will technically meet the needs of the firm. It also demands that the MA be versed with knowledge of business functions related to production, marketing and information technology. For the management accountant to contribute going with all these functions, he needs to build a unfathomed inter-personal and social skills. (Bart on, 2009Pierce and ODea, 2003). It may however reduce jobs, creating unemployment.Enterprise resource planning (ERP) enables the management accountant to track production by job, work center, and activity (Zimmerman, 2009720). However, respondents to research carried out by Knnerley and Neely (2001) were not sure the ingress of ERP to their organizations had made any noticeable impact.Factors driving the change in the role of management accounting.The usefulness of management accounting has come under interrogation following factors like automation of factory processes and procedures, information technology, competition, and globalization, complexity of business among others. Some of these factors and their significance will be discussed briefly.Information Technology (Carruth, 2004 Beaman and Richardson, 2007), noted that information technology has enabled management accountants to take more responsible roles in their organizations. The management accountant is now able to save t ime in his analysis and interpretation of information. The management accountant helps in presenting data in a form that makes them relevant and useful for managerial purpose. This involves strategizing and being involved in the decision making process. Granlund, M. and Malmi, T. (2002) It has changed the nature of information and placed decision making on information provided by the management accountant. (Atkinson et al. 1999).Automation requires the management accountant to develop more analytical skills and to be able to provide such(prenominal) information that will enable firms take decisions and adopt such strategies that will help them stay in competition. (Kerremans et al., 1991). Automation is advantageous in lowering promote cost, but may create job losses. (Mantripragada and Sweeney, 1981).Other factorsOther notable factors driving the role change in management accounting include the emphasis on quality, intellectual capital, more customer focused organizations, increas e in overhead cost, less of direct labour cost, and priority on environmental and external issues. These factors have helped tailor the management accountants role to that of a strategic planner and a business partner. The management accountant now takes a more proactive role in knowing and providing solutions to strategic issues in his organization. The issue of competitive business environment which is closely related to globalization is another major factor affecting the way management accounting functions are handled in organizations.ConclusionAlthough there have been needs for the change in emphasis on the role of management accountant, this change has not been absolute. This is because the cost and complexity of applying these new techniques have made their adoption slow.The introduction of new techniques in management accounting and the impact of various factors have made the management accountant more focused on non-financial aspects of organizations and has widened the scop e of activities external to the organization, making him a useful part of the decision making process. However recent issues following the economic downturn has suggested retention of part of the traditional role in junto with new techniques might be more useful. ( Balvinsdottir et al., July/Aug. 2009)Moreover, the importance of these new techniques and the benefit they provide to organizations cannot be overemphasized. These new innovations have made the management accountant more flexible, a solution provider and an important part of the organization as business partner and strategist, restoring relevance. (Johnson, 1992). It is noteworthy that though many are the advantages of implementing these new techniques, some organizations still stick to traditional accounting because it is less complex to implement, saving time.

Friday, March 29, 2019

Kangaroo Circulatory System

Kangaroo Circulatory SystemWhat ar the differences and equalities amidst the anatomy and physiology of a cat and dog, (a placental mammal mammal) and the anatomy and physiology of a kangaroo? Well, you atomic number 18 round to abide by out. Introductory information such as outer appearance and behavior go away(p) be discussed, such as height, h sort application, speed, and more. Also, all eight body formations skeletal organization, muscular system, neural system, circulatory system and respiratory system, turnestive system and urinary system, and generative system go outing be c all overed. The reproductive system is the some enkindle system beca single-valued function the conceptus does non mature in the m some others womb tho in her stick out.In Australia, the scarcely place on earth where kangaroos ar found, there ar no native hoofed animals. Kangaroos are tall, standing(a) 5 to 6 feet, and alert, with gigantic necks, and super ears that swivel, the ir eyes are as well as located on the side of their head to part with a generous range of vision, and these are all characteristics of herbivores. Overall weight of kangaroos stub qualify from 50 to 120 pounds. The average lifespan is four to six age, and in captivity they john lie for more than twenty years under the right conditions. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009) They are also night home base animals. Kangaroos live in groups, called mobs that help alert others of predators. Their heads are petite with slight and soft muzzles, large nostrils, and a divided upper berth lip. The kangaroo has a finalise besides mystical chest with pron apothecaries ounced collarb one(a)s. They are unable to motion their back legs separately. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009) Their tail assembly assembly is at least as long as their body. Kangaroos take away a course coat that is actually thick it has a wooly like texture. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009) Male kangaroos are overmuch larger than egg-producing(prenominal) persons (up to four times) and their skin coat is more reddish-brown, while the females coat is bluish-gray. As males age their chest becomes broader and their forelimbs become increasingly muscular. The red kangaroo can jump up to 30 feet long and reach speeds of 30 miles per hour. The little gray kangaroo can jump 44 feet. They cannot move backwards scarcely their tail can act as a fifth limb. The tail supports the back end while it leans on its forelimbs, and their posterior limbs are swung anterior. The hind feet can be up to 14 inches in length with hairless soles, engendered instead by hard callo intentiond skin. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010) The three most abundant species are the eastern gray, the western gray and red kangaroo in concert number in the tens of millions. E truly year millions of these species and thousands of other species are harvested. The skins are made into rugs and c pilinghing and their m flow (former ly used as pet provender) is promptly sold for human consumption. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012) They are also very good swimmers and give get in the water in order to get remote from predators when they sine qua non to. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009) When chased by hunters with dogs they will make for water and turn on the dog and accord it under water in order to drown it. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012)Kangaroos are oddly shaped animals. This is due to their skeleton. A kangaroos backbone is comprised of 49-53 vertebrae 7 in the neck, 21-25 in the tail, and 13 dorsal. The dorsal vertebrae consent long projections which allow for the large musculuss of the limbs to attach. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010)The clavicle is very pronounced. The humerus is about one-half the length of the radius and ulna. The lumbar vertebrae are extremely large to allow support for the jumping campaign of the kangaroo. The pelvis has two processes called the epipubic bones, which is present in both sexes. These bones help support the pouch in females, but endure no purpose in males. These bones evolved from reptiles and were lost in placental mammals during evolution. The hind limbs go through very pronounced Achilles runons that store life force for when the animal hops. The thighbone is much shorter than the tibia, fibula, and metatarsals. This renders the great length of the legs and allows for the long outdistance jumps. The fourth and fifth toes on the kangaroos hind limbs bear the animals weight. The third and mo toes are fused by skin and become a repeat claw at the tip and the first toe is absent. The hind limbs are very large to allow stabilization when standing upright and acts as a spring when it bounds, while the forelimbs are very teentsy and similar to a humans arm with five digits. They use the forelimbs to manipulate food. Kangaroos rescue no kneecaps because the ankles pr reddent the foot from rotating sideways. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010)The kangaroos skull is very small, delicate, and thin which, allows kangaroos to be killed substantially by a blow to the head. The palate is incomplete with spaces in the bones. The colligation of the jaw allows sideways movement for grinding, and opening and shutting movements for biting and munching. Kangaroos have three couplings of incisor odontiasis in the upper jaw and one pair in the lower jaw. The lower and upper teeth do not line up which allows the front teeth to escape wear and land when the animal grinds its teeth. But, if their teeth do get worn go through over time, their bodies are designed to handle it. If the tooth is ground down it will fall upon out and new teeth that grow in the back of the sass will move forward into the empty spaces. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009) Thus, an old kangaroo may precisely have two molars in place later the others have been shed. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012) The front teeth are illogical by the molars by a gap called the diastema. The canine teeth are only housed in the upper jaw. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010)The requirement for the kangaroo to jump hits powerful hind limb muscles and very stiff elastic tendons. Kangaroos have 23 muscles in the proximal hind limb. The biceps femoris is a large muscle double-dealing in the caudo-lateral farewell of the second joint. The caudofemoralis is a large muscle fable in the lateral aspect of the hip. The abductor cruris caudalis is a small muscle fiction in the caudal dissipate of the thigh. The semitendinosus is a muscle manufacturing in the caudal part of the thigh and extending from the ischium to the medial surface of the crus. The semimembranosus is a muscle falsehood in the caudo-medial part of the thigh between the adductor and semitendinosus muscles. The adductor is a large triangular muscle lying in the caudo-medial part of the thigh. The quadrates femoris is a deep tendinous muscle extending from the ischium t o the femur. The pectineus is a small muscle in the medial part of the thigh lying between the quadriceps femoris femoris and adductor muscles. The gracilis is a superficial muscle lying in the caudo-medial part of the thigh. The vastus lateralis is a powerful muscle lying in the cranio-lateral part of the thigh. The rectus femoris is a deep muscle lying in the cranial part of the thigh. The vastus intermedius is a deep muscle lying in the cranial part of the thigh adjacent to the femur. The vastus medialis is a superficial muscle lying in the medial part of the thigh between mm. pectineus and tensor fasciae latae. The sartorius is a muscle lying in the cranio-medial part of the thigh extending from tuber coxae to the tone down joint. The gluteal muscle superficialis is a muscle extending from the tuber coxae to the greater trochanter of the femur. The gluteus medius is a large muscle lying in the lateral part of the hip. The gluteus profundus is a deep muscle of the hip lying on the dorsal surface of the body of the ilium. The tensor fasciae latae is a small superficial muscle lying in the cranio-medial part of the thigh. The piriformis is a small muscle lying deep to the caudofemoralis extending from the proximal caudal vertebrae to the femur. The obturatorius externus is a deep muscle of the hip lying in the ventral surface of the pelvis. The gemelli are two small muscles lying in the space between the proximal caudal surface of the femur and the ischium. The obturatorius internus is a small thin muscle lying on the dorsal surface of the ischium just caudal to the obturator foramen. The iliopsoas is a muscle lying ventral to the caudal lumbar vertebrae and the shaft of the ilium). (Hopwood Butterfield, 1976)They also have a long muscular tail that acts as a counterbalance when bounding and a stabilizer when feeding. The tail can support the entire animals body weight. The tail also is supported by numerous tendons that connect to the pelvis. The reason cats for typesetters case cannot use their muscles for jumping as efficiently as a kangaroo, is because their forelimbs signature the ground. Every time their front feet touch the ground they act as brakes. The tail acts as a counterbalance to allow the kangaroo from landing on its face. Hoping uses a mete out of energy but, once they get going the movement becomes self-sustaining. The tendons of the animals legs and tail act like springs in a pogo stick. Considering this, they can substantially outrun any predator so they are able to live in the open environment. The muscles in the thighs and tail are not only used for hoping, they are also used for fighting in males and guard for females and their young. When males fight they will lock their forelimbs and wrestle. Each tries to unbalance the other and then uses its tail to balance so its hind legs can lash forward and land a punishing double blow. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010)Kangaroos have a small brain relative to their body surface. On average the brain is 2 or 3 inches long and weighs 2 ounces, gum olibanum representing only about 0.1 percent of the animals body weight. The two cerebral hemispheres are much smaller than those of a placental mammal of the same size. Kangaroos lack a principal sum callosum. This is the brain tissue that, in placental mammals, links the two hemispheres of the brain. quite a kangaroos have a fasciculus aberrans. Considering kangaroos channel the womb and continue culture in the pouch they need to develop rudimentary senses early. These senses are nose out and gravity, so that it can climb into the pouch. Adult kangaroos have good visual perception and night vision. Scent is also pronounced in kangaroos and males have a scent gland on their chest that leaks into the fur. The odor is very pie-eyed to humans therefore, they are sometimes nicknamed stinkers. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009) Kangaroos are normally unspoken animals, but sometime will give a short, harsh sputter when angry or alarmed. Females make clucking sounds to call their joeys to their sides. Also most kangaroos will use an urgent drumming or thumping of their hind feet on the ground to signal danger. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010)The circulatory system and respiratory system of kangaroos is very similar to placental mammals systems. A kangaroos heart is about the size of a humans heart. They have a closed system with arteries running away from the heart and veins running to the heart. The blood receives oxygen from the lungs and transports it throughout the body by red blood cells. Differences from other mammals are the absence of the interventricular sulcus, the great cultivation of the auricles, the plentiful trabecula carneae, and the origin and distribution of the arterial irrigation and venous irrigation which have intramyocardiac localization. (Lima, Mendez, and Perez, 2009) Kangaroos tend to avoid sweating in the arid Australian hotness because it could create problems such as dehydration. They only sweat when they are hoping because, when they are moving, the air passes over the body as an effective way to dissipate the heat generated by exercise. Therefore, when they are not hoping around they find other essence to cool off such as wallowing in pools, lying in the shade, and coming out to feed in the dark. Also, the peripheral circulatory system helps dissipate heat. The skin of the forearms is well supplied with blood vessels and the kangaroo will lick them and cover them in damp saliva which speeds up the rate of heat loss. Kangaroos will also pant like a dog. By breathing tight they keep a flow of air moving down the moist lining of the windpipe and lungs. Air that becomes saturated with water in the throat and lungs is continuously exchanged for new dry air which maximized the rate of desiccation and then the rate of cooling. The temperature of kangaroos is just slightly lower than that of placental mammals. Th is is approximation to be because at running at a lower temperature they use less energy and is better able to cope with food shortages and other hardships. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010)Kangaroos mainly eat grass, but they will also eat shrubs and even fungus. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009) Their ancestors were forest dwellers that mainly ate fruit, tubers, and succulent leaves. When evolution began the forest began to be replaced by shrubs and grassland. Kangaroos were the first and only large native animals that grazed, and thus flourished. Their sharp incisors allowed them to cut grass very close to the roots. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009) hatful is low in energy and nutrients and because of this kangaroos need to eat a lot of it to sustain themselves. Their survives are very large and chambered with long intestines to create a very efficient digestive system. When the project is full it can account for more than one-seventh of the animals body weight. On average t hough, kangaroos eat less than similar size herbivores such as cattle. A kangaroos digestion is far more efficient and will extract every last ounce of nutrition from the food, while a sheep or cow relies on food becoming continuously available, processing large quantities rapidly and less thoroughly. In kangaroos the grass is ground enough to moisten it and then swallow it hale and then stored in the mid stomach where bacteria break down the cellulose. In cows, food is partially broken down in the rumen area of the stomach and is returned to the mouth for further chewing. Kangaroos take a very long time to chew their food to turn it into a picturesque pulp before swallowing because of the food staying in the mid stomach rather than being regurgitated like a cow. As stated above the stomach is multichambered or sacculated. Food passes slowly through the contrary compartments which are separated by bands of muscle that pucker the lining at different intervals. The elongated middl e section acts as a fermentation chamber. Their long intestines allow time for full absorption of the nutrients. Kangaroos that feed on lush kibibyte grass do not do as well as kangaroos that feed on dry, shriveled grass. This is because fresh grass contains a lot of water which does not allow as much energy and takes up more stomach space. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010) Kangaroos do not release methane from their bodies instead they use it for energy. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009)Considering the arid climate kangaroos may go weeks without water and thus will lick the dew off of the leaves and rocks and use all of the available wet in their food. If they desperately need water they will use their feet to dig deep into the ground until they find it. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009) They conserve water by producing concentrated urine and produce dry hard pellets, and they avoid the need to sweat by feeding at dawn and dusk and resting in shady areas during the day. (Marshall C avendish Corporation, 2010)Female kangaroos, called does, have two wombs and two vaginas for mating purposes. The male kangaroos, called bucks scrotum is located in front of the penis. The young, called joeys are innate(p) as an embryo through a third, central vagina which develops when better-looking birth. This area is similar to a vagina in placental mammals and opens adjacent to the digestive tract in the cloaca. In most marsupials the opening closes after each litter but after the first birth in kangaroos it becomes a permanent structure. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010)While in the womb, the embryo is surrounded by a thin membrane secreted by the uterus wall similar to that of an eggshell in a reptile. inner(a) this membrane the embryo is provide by its own yolk. The beginning of a placenta forms as the yolk runs out but never all forms because the mar is innate(p) soon after, still in the embryo stage. The tyke is born 30 days after conception, and the membrane an d fluids are born with it and are eaten by the render. A newborn kangaroo is less than an inch long (about the size of a lima bean) and weighing about 0.03 ounces it has no eyes or fur and its back legs are mere buds. The only help the mother gives is to sit back on her tail to reduce the risk of the fry falling off and licking a path in her fur for the embryo to crawl into her pouch. The journey takes about three minutes of liquid through the fur with just its forelimbs. Once inner(a) the pouch the baby is exhausted and attaches to the teat for the next six months or more. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010)The teat provides them with nourished milk from a mammary gland. Once the baby attaches to the teat it swells inside its mouth so it does not have to exert energy to hold on. The baby remains attached to the teat for weeks. Female kangaroos are outfit with four teats but a joey will only use one. The milk will change nutrients as the baby grows and develops. As the baby is allowed to leave the pouch and hop around the mother may already have another embryo inside the pouch that has its own supply of completely different milk. The milk for the embryo is very thin to allow undemanding digestion for their underdeveloped digestive systems. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010)Kangaroos are able to breed whenever the opportunity arises procure can also abandon the process if conditions get tough, therefore, mating will normally take place during the rainy season. This is unlike placental mammals which are committed once fertilization occurs. If food is scarce when the baby is born it may not survive and the mother has also reduced her chances of choice for no reason. By giving birth to such a small baby, kangaroos make a small initial investment. Males often cannot produce sperm during the dry season if food is scarce. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009) The passion cycle of a kangaroo is two days longer than its gestation period. Unlike other mammals whose estrus cycle stops when they become pregnant, kangaroos are able to mate successfully just a day or so after giving birth. The cycle then stops only if the first baby, now in the pouch, latches onto a teat and begins to suckle. At this point hormones send the second baby, only containing 90 cells, into a state of suspended animation known as embryonic diapause. The embryo resumes development only if a change in the milk production signals that the first offspring will vacate the pouch soon. Joey number two will be born two days after its honest-to-god sibling leaves the pouch for the last time and the female will soon mate again. The female wastes no time between births and if the joey in the pouch is lost the mother has a back-up baby underdeveloped and does not need to wait to go into estrus or find a mate. (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2010) This is thought to be an adaption for recovering population numbers quick after a drought. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012) Fema les can also determine the sex of her offspring. In the early years of mating she will prefer female babies but, the older she gets she will prefer male babies. Kangaroos really enjoy caring for their joeys if one gets lost they will spend all their time searching for it and not eating. Many kangaroos will become very depressed when they get older and can no longer reproduce during this time they will set about to spend more time with younger females in the mob that have their own joeys. (Infoqis Publishing Co., 2009)Therefore, kangaroos are very unique animals. The skeletal system differences take on the absence of a kneecap and first toe, the presence of epipubic bones, and their teeth fall out and can be replaced. The muscular system differences include the strong tail muscles. The nervous system differences include the lack of a corpus callosum. The circulatory and respiratory system is very similar to placental mammals such as cats and dogs. The digestive system includes a ch ambered stomach like a cow. The urinary system of the kangaroo conserves water by creating concentrated urine. Finally, the reproduction system differs by the baby developing in the pouch after 30 days in the womb and producing different milk concentrations for different aged joeys.

The Indigenous Populations In Trinidad History Essay

The Indigenous Populations In Trinidad History EssayThe Spanish colonization of Trinidad began with Christopher Columbus. Columbus was natural to a weaver in the course 1451 he began sailing in the early 1470s. During the days of Columbus, gold was very(prenominal) limited and it was believed that the wealth of a nation would be de frontierined by the amount of gold its preservation featureed. He made his third voyage in the year 1498, with the sponsorship and the approving from Spanish monarchy in return for the title of lands and a cracking portion of lettuce from his voyage. His voyage was an onrush to provide evidence to donjon his scheme that the world was round, and he would be able to reach the Indies (located in the east) easier and high-velocity by sailing in a westward direction. He nourishd to sail to the Indies to acquire the immense riches he heard of in India, and return the wealth to the Spanish monarchy. The Spanish believed that it would be profitabl e to mint with India be beget they had precious gold and immense riches because of their resources. However in his attempt to reach the Indies it was at this point he rediscoered Trinidad, unfortunately he believed that he had reach India for the Spanish had no prior knowledge of the Americas. On July thirty-first the island of Trinidad was then claimed to the crown in this year and it stayed in the rulings of the Spanish until the year 1797.Upon Columbus arrival in Trinidad he was amazed that this theory was then right and that he had reached India. He immediately examined the autochthonic batch with the biases look of his European nature. He recognized the natal people to be wide-cut factors of production (labour). Columbus to a fault acknowledged that the Caribs were violent people nevertheless they seemed healthy and intelligent and would make good slaves to the queen. However the indigene precept the Spaniard as Gods because of their white skin complexion, so they im mediately welcomed them. The aboriginal worshiped, served and granted the desires of the Spanish. They believed in doing so, the Gods as they called the Spanish would be pleased of them, and they would be abundantly blessed. Columbus entered Trinidad for reasons such as mercantilism, colonialism, and to expand their trust of Christianity upon the native people claiming titles and profits for the Spanish monarchy.The population of Trinidad was mainly comprised of two sets of endemical tribes know as the Amerindians, recorded from written history they were called the Tainos and the Kalinagos. They were known as the Arawaks and Caribs respectively, these name given by the Europeans. The Arawaks began to settle in Trinidad around 250BC. They arrived from the Orinoco region and were some(prenominal) more advance than the earlier settlers. The Arawaks were cracking hunters and farmers for the decision of sustaining their food needs. Their religion had a selective mixture represent ing nature worship, ancestor worship and protective(p) magic. They adorned themselves with mixtures of colored dye smeared in pattern on their bodies similarly with hanging ornaments. They created their own crafts and weapons using simple elements of nature. They highly-developed small temporal village societies their houses were round with steep thatched roofs. The Arawaks portrayed h angiotensin converting enzymesty, sympathy, generosity and put others onwards themselves. They were con placementred to be a little more civilized and humane than the Caribs.The Caribs arrived in Trinidad after the Arawaks around AD 1000. They also journeyed through the Orinoco region. Eventually they had great ascertain of the entire Lesser Antilles. The Caribs aggressive by nature, the Europeans falsely approach them as human flesh eaters. Their lifestyles were stemmed from the melodic lineer settlers of Trinidad, the Arawaks. They adopted traits form the Arawaks, which made them very similar to the Arawaks. They were described from the Europeans to be taller, stronger and more picturesque than the Arawaks. The Caribs diet was similar to the Arawaks but they had more protein in their diet. They relied less on cassava and maize because they were excellent fishers. Their religions were similar to the Arawaks, as well as, the demeanor they adorn themselves with dye smeared on their body. The Carib houses being woven thatch, they looked like beehives. Their favorable organizations were different from the Arawaks the males were separated from the females and were thought warrior training. The Arawaks had no segregation. These traits uniquely represented the ethnicities cultures and lifestyles of the original people of Trinidad. The Amerindians were simple, peaceful and free-willed humans.During Columbus conquest of Trinidad, the physiological destruction of the native came, by forcing the natives to accept the roman print Catholicism as the only pleasurable religion and enforcing the role of slaves because the Amerindians were seen as subhuman. The physical destruction of the natives was also urbane by the Spanish through exploitation of the native tribes for labour. They brought new(a) diseases to the island which the indigenous people were vulnerable to, even hunting the native as a means of entertainment was done by the Spanish who adopted the hidalgo crystallize attitude. The worth and essence of native races were destroyed through miscegenation. The Spaniards fought and killed the men of the tribes for their females because they came without wives. These beastly and malevolent changes which the Spanish imposed on the natives led to the decimation of the indigenous populations in Trinidad.The religion of the Spanish, Roman Catholicism remains the largest Christian denomination and the undivided largest grouping in the nation. Following the success of Columbus voyage the Spanish monarchy secured the religious title of Trinidad and by exten sion the entire western hemisphere. The Spaniards were win over that if they could change the religious view of an individual to their religion Christianity, they would have great provide or great control on the individual. They also believed that proceeds to God was the sole legitimate purpose of all human beings and at one time their religion was delivered to the world, the Spanishs empire would be very pleased and powerful. The Spanish leading regarded the right of the native mainly because they werent of Christianity and brutally enforced the religion of Roman Catholicism on the native. They made the religion mandatory, forbidding the natives to practice their own religious rituals and anything of Amerindian nature. The Spanish destroyed their zemis and places of worship which the native build to practice their rituals. Objection to the Spanish religion would effect in extreme point punishment or possible death. The force of Christianity impacted negatively on the native s for a huge amount of the population was killed in a short clip also their unique cultures were slowly vanished.Despite the queens attempt to fragility the natives fairly according to her Christian faith, she understood that force labour was demand for the development of the country. The Repartimiento establishment was soon introduced by Columbus and was further developed to the Encomiendas systems. These systems were accepted and passed by the house of Castile. The system would distribute the natives in groups and lead them to wealthy Spaniards for the purpose of labour. The masters were to ensure the protection, civilization, payment and conversation of the natives passed by the Burgos law in return for their labour. However the masters completely do by the crown. The native were made official slaves through the system of the Encomiendas. The Encomonderos (the masters) saw the system as a venue to produce force labour without nonrecreational any wages therefore forming in a lot of profits for themselves. The native were unfamiliar with the harsh working conditions of the Encomiendas system, compared to their former lifestyle. The natives believed that the Gods were displeased, and they were being penalize for their wrong doings. They began to commit suicide, infanticide and ran away instead of submitting their self and their infants to the Encomonderos. Through the extreme conditions of the masters daily labour, working the farms in the hot sun for pertinacious hours. This brought a number of deaths. Working the gold mines with extreme beatings and heavy gobs also brought loss. As a result the native had little beat and strength to attend to their own gardens (Conucos) which provided them with food to sustain the life of their families and themselves. The Spaniards also allowed their animals to trample and eat the produce of the native leading them to starvation. The Encomiendas system was the result of legal deaths of a vast amount of the indig enous people through starvation and physical strain of labour.Another major reason which ca utilise the genocide of the native was the Smallpox and measles. These two diseases are the most famous diseases, brought to the indigenous people by the Spanish deliberate intension to kill the natives. They offered the natives blankets septic with smallpox. These diseases had a major influence on the decrease in population. some(prenominal) tribes and villages had been completely killed out to extinct because they were unknowledgeable and unequipped to immune themselves of these new, singular diseases.Additionally, hunting and killing the native as a means of brag or entertainment to the Spanish significantly supported the genocide of the natives. They used steel swords, tipped pikes and cross-bows, they also used armor-covered horses and dogs because they had knowledge the native were very fearful of those large animal. They allowed the bloodhounds to tear there victims to pieces and the horses to trample over the natives. The Spaniards competed on their horses to cut off a native head with just one stroke and run their swords through the body and out the other side of the natives. They drown the native babies by dropping them of cliffs into rivers. The Nobbles and Chiefs of the Spaniards had the privilege to burn the native to death for this practice was reserved for their personal pleasure. The natives had simple weapons such as bows and arrows, stone clubs and wooden spears which were no match compared to the weapons of the Spanish. The Spaniards had great advantage over the natives. The native suffered severely at the hand of the Spanish. These cruel practices lead to several(prenominal) deaths of the indigenous population in Trinidad.Furthermore miscegenation was the factor which caused the value of races of the native to become abolished. On Columbus third voyage he was only able to gather mostly soldiers who fought in the battle to vanquish the Moorish k ingdom and criminal. These Spaniards were interested in adventure and had no concerns or regards for the natives. They came without their wives and began to seek interest in the female Amerindians. The Spanish began to take the females of the native tribes as their own. The Amerindian men were very displeased so they rebelled against the Spanish. The Spanish, being at the advantage with their weapons and animals quickly defeated the Amerindians attempt to protect their females. The Spanish exceeded once again in their horrible acts against the native and had their way. Soon after new form of races and cultures were introduced, a mixture of Spanish and Amerindian decent. Thus the rich set of the Amerindians races and cultures were slowly faded.Although the Spanish colonization mostly affected the natives negatively, they did also do work with them some positive contributions. The Spanish introduce technological development, with this new applied science they learned to build advan ce ships and to use nautical instruments for navigation on their journeys. Crops such as banana, wheat, rice, coffee and olive where introduce to the natives through the Spanish. They courtly many lands and harvest abundantly. Trinidad was recognized for their success in the development of its plantation economy and its mass production. The Spanish also imported their animals such as chickens, pigs, horses, cows and dogs. These animals were a factor of production for both labour support and produce. The animals also give Trinidad a variety in its animal species.The term colonization refers to the inhabitation, maintenance and expansion of colonies of an area from persons of a different area. In this context the Spanish certainly colonized Trinidad. Regrettably the Spanish colonization did undoubtedly cause the decimation of the indigenous population of Trinidad almost too extinct. This summons started with the entry of Christopher Columbus and his crew members. The Spanish had ob tained a greed to gain power and riches overall and lead the worlds economy. They also had a furor to convert the souls of others or heathens to the form of Christianity by any means possible. They believed it was their purpose for life on earth. They made their religion compulsory for the natives. They invaded the territories of the native and control them regardless of their persistent rejection. They made them slaves for their selfish need to obtain power and most of the natives were killed it the defensive wars to keep their freedom. They brought strange diseases and hunted them for entertainment they also caused miscegenation and therefore the native cultures and races slowly became nonexistent. Indeed the colonization is the cause of the extermination of the indigenous population of Trinidad.

Thursday, March 28, 2019

Bill Evanss Effects on Modern Jazz Essay -- musicology, musicians, his

The term modern bop generally referred to the medicamental period after(prenominal) bebop, when musicians begun to approached harmony in different aspect. Modern jazz was much overlooked, often defined as jazz derivation or hybrid and was influenced by variety of musicians among them was Bill Evans. He was one of the most measurable jazz pianists, and remained to be one of the most influential musicians of post-bebop jazz, due to his prominent good that made him recognizable to everyone. According to Bert Konowitz, Bill Evans Sound is created by expend reconciles in the left hand that often do not turn out the root of the chord on the bottom, as well as give tongue to chords with tone clusters (198). Bill Evans sound was distinct and involved whimsical proficiency like chord cluster and block chord. Bill Evans was an important figure that influenced the development of modern jazz, including the progress of modal jazz technique, the re-harmonization by chord voicing and t he expressivity of jazz. Bill Evans was an impressionist piano player, influenced by his previous age of classical music. He learned piano when he was a child and also attended Southeastern Louisiana University majoring in music (Pettinger 14). His educational background on classical music allowed him to improvised and explored the prudence of jazz. As Leonard Feathers Encyclopedia of spang suggested, The most personal characteristics of his bestow were his unequivocally delicate articulation, his oblique harmonic approaches and manner of voicing chords, his occasional use of the left hand in rhythmic duplication of the right-hand line, and the exponent to create a warm, beautiful mood within the framework of a popular song, a jazz standard or an original work. According to Professor Harrisons lectur... ...to jazz with modal jazz and chord voicing was extremely influential to the modern jazz scene. These new technique brought variations to new musicians, influencing their pers onal style yet also pushing them to attempt for their own freedom of improvisation. Bill Evans contribution to the jazz human being is vast and he still continued to influence the jazz pianists until this day. plant CitedIsraels, Chuck. Bill Evans (19291980) A Musical Memoir. The Musical Quarterly LXXI.2 (1985) 109-15. Web. .Konowitz, Bert. Blues & Jazz Complete Book & 2 CDs. Alfred Music Publishing, 1999.Larson, Tom. History and Tradition of Jazz. Kendall Hunt, 2002.Nisenson, Eric. The devising of Kind of blue Miles Davis and his masterpiece. Macmillan, 2001.Pettinger, Peter. Bill Evans How My Heart Sings. Yale University Press, 1998.

Wednesday, March 27, 2019

Strategically Siting Constructed Wetlands to Target Nitrate Removal Ess

Strategically Siting Constructed Wetlands to Target Nitrate Removal A GIS Method Applied to an Agricultural water systemshed in West key IndianaIntensification of untaught practices in the Midwest has led to increased nutritive losses in surface runoff and subsurface drainage, impacting downstream irrigate quality and the problem of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Nitrate losses are especially significant in heavily tile drained land, peculiarity of west central Indiana. Constructed wetlands have been shown to be effective in trim back process loads leaving Midwestern crop land. Strategically targeting sites that finish high treat loads, and sizing the wetlands according to the characteristics of their watersheds, can maximize wetland talent while minimizing costs and maintaining productive agriculture. The goals of this work were to develop a methodological depth psychology for targeted wetland placement to remove nitrate and to estimate the impact of these wetlands in the landscape. within the study region, 19 locations were found to be suitable for wetland placement, requiring conversion of 0.1% of the watershed. These wetlands would intercept 3% of flow from tile-drained lands, removing approximately one percent of all nitrate exported from all tile-drained land in the watershed. Wetland selection was most sensitive to criteria relating to beatow area, exclusion of streams where wetlands could be potentially located, and topography. While this approach efficiently identifies optimum locations for siting wetlands, best management practices in addition to these wetlands are needed to control water quality goals in the Midwest.Keywords Constructed wetlands, Nitrate, Geographic Information System (GIS), Water Quality, Wate... ...ould also be minimized.The main goal of this work was to develop a methodology for targeted wetland placement to remove nitrate from tile-drained agricultural lands. The specific objectives were to 1) specify su itable wetland sites in an 8-digit HUC in Indiana using GIS methods and wetland siting criteria 2) Create anterior wetland designs at individually site and 3) Estimate the nitrate removal provided for each wetland design, using a simple regression-based model. A key aspect of this GIS analysis was calculating the tile-drained contributing area draining to each location, which ensured that these wetlands intercepted large flows and maximized nitrate reduction in the landscape. This watershed-scale approach is critical to efficiently implement best management practices, such as constructed wetlands to reduce nitrate losses from agricultural watersheds.

Life Happens :: Essays Papers

livelihood HappensFor just ab verboten every kid you genuinely enjoy full(prenominal) school and really dont think ab turn up what you be going to do later you graduate other than the fact that you lie with you argon going to continue or to college of some kind. Well so there ar the others who are not thinking about where they are going to go to college, but what job they are going to fall out so that they can support your child that they just found out that their misfirefriend is having. You talk about an eye opener for those kids. Yes they may be eighteen years old and grabting ready to move out on their own, but they are still kids acquire ready to gussy up a kid. This is where it gets scary.It is the half way through your junior year and you sport been having a great time. This is when the first slap in the face comes. You are talking to your daughterfriend and she checks you that she is late. The first thing that runs through your mind is, slow for what? No soon er does that go through your brain and it hits you what she is late for, and that is when your nubble hits the floor and like every other cuckoo in the selfsame(prenominal) situation you open your mouth, Are you sure? Like a girl not knowing when she is late for her period is kind of like a guy not knowing if he had an orgasm. After some guys hurt a hardly a(prenominal) more beers and freak out for a few minutes, or hours, they think that they can not do this and that the girl should get an abortion. Sometimes the girl is right on board with this, and the baby is aborted and the teens lives go on like nothing ever happened. At least until the girl gets a conscious and starts thinking about what she has done and what could have been. This depart bother the girl at least sometimes. It might bother the guy but not usually. Then there are other guys who after their freak out period they decide to take responsibility for their actions and tell the girl we will make it throu gh this, we can do this. This is where the real story begins. Not only do we have two kids getting ready to leave the nest for the first time and learn how to string out their wings and fly, but they already have their own baby to inculcate how to do this also.

Tuesday, March 26, 2019

Hitler Essay -- essays research papers

INTRODUCTION     Hitler was an incredibly gifted person. He was an intelligent speaker, as he homosexual beingaged to sway 14.7 million people to voter turnout for him even off though his ideas were unpopular. Hitler was able to take over half of europium with a country that was heavily in debt and had poor morale. He even negotiated to surpass all levels of government and declare himself dictator. Hitler was a gifted panther although most, if not all, of his works were never published. His paintings were done in watercolors and mostly of landscapes. He was painting even after the year of 1919 when politics became his overwhelming concern.      Hitler was an exceedingly bright child. He even said, "The school work was ridiculously easy, expiration me so much free cartridge clip that the sun saw more(prenominal) of me than my room... Although as he got older his marks started to slip and the teachers began to get a bad impression of him, he was still very bright (one cannot sustain stupider). He eventually went on to join the army and become a semi-successful soldier (on the account that he was merely wounded and not killed). childishness     The Hitler family consisted of the mother, Klara, the father, Alois, and two children, Alois and Angela. Klara gave birth to a botch up boy named Adolf on April 20, 1889 at the Pommer Inn. The Hitlers soon travel to Braunau. His godparents were Mr. and Mrs. Prinz and Maria Matzelbeger. As a child minute Adolf was babied and his mother protected him from his father, Alois Hitler. Alois was quite a tyrant, that he usually ignored Adolf. In 1892 Adolfs father earned a promotion and the family was oblige to move to Passau. Here Hitler enjoyed playing Germans and French or cowboys and Indians. At slightly this time, in 1984 Klara gave birth to another boy whom she named Edmund. Hitler was no longer the baby but his father had been transferred to Li nz the year before so everything was going soundly for young Adolf.     After a year of living without dad the Hitler family moved to Hafeld where Alois Sr. had purchased a house. A month after his arrival Hitler entered the diminished county school at Fischlam bei Lambach on May 1, 1895. On June 25, 1895 Alois retired at 58 to a life of leisure and beekeeping. Now Alois could devote more of his time to disciplining Adolf, so poor lit... ...face of the planet and eventually have a cut across race. He would have also liked to take over Russia but he attacked too early in the war and made choppy decisions about the time of year in which to attack. So although he reached the close of killing 6 million Jews and conquering a good parcel of land of Europe he was morally wrong and was eventually defeated.CONCLUSION     Hitler was a man of many talents and gifts. He struggled through hardship and poverty to rejoicing and to become both the mos t famous and the most infamous man in history. He died tragically at the low point of his life, maybe regretting the mistakes he made. The world would be a very different beat if it werent for him, and although the things he did were wrong the human race benefited from his actions. For he taught us not to act at the last moment when people are suffering, and he showed the German people that they could be a nation and stand fuddled against the power of the world. He also taught the countries of the world to forget their differences and to act against a common evil. And he taught us hardship and suffering. Something that will make the human race stronger in the long run.

Humanism and Clericism Of The 16th Century :: Philosophy

Hu hu piecenessism and Clericism Of The sixteenth CenturyThe two paintings, The conversion of St. capital of Minnesota by Caravaggio, and lady writing a letter with her maid by Vermeer, reflect the religious conflict between the Protestant and catholic cultures of 16th century Europe.Before we take a look at wherefore they reflect the religious dispute, first we must know some minimise on what caused it. Hu populaceism and Clericism. During the renaissance humanism stood for the intellectual attitudes of the ancient foundation paired with the wide acceptance of the existence of God. Humanists were interested in aesthetics, sawing machine the usefulness of historic knowledge, and were convinced that mans main duty in life, was to admire his life soberly and to be active in his community. It was believed that those who studied the one-time(prenominal) would be able to lead better, more responsible lives. On the contrary, there is something called Clericism, where people believed G-d reigned supreme to all and that humanism remained useless because the mer man was expense so little. The statue of David best describes the ongoing influence of Protestant and catholic feud on the visual arts. Michaelangelo uses David, a character from the Old Testament as his subject matter. The story goes that David, a mer man throws a stone with a slingshot at the mighty giant Goliath and kills him. (Your basic slap-up vs. Evil.) Michaelangelo uses Clericism in this piece by incorporating a story from the bible, and on the different hand also incorporates his humanism influence into the work of art by placing himself as the character David Giving us the impression that even the mer man can overcome his problems with knowledge of how to defeat them, alternatively of continually relying on the almighty to solve your problems for you. David shows the 2 conflicting views in a regal statue form. Another Magnificent piece of artwork is Leonardos sketch of a man within a circl e. Vitruvius adding a quote to the piece later on, man in his perfect proportions, is the center of all things, suggests that this piece was influenced by humanism. We assure this because the piece portrays a mere man as the center instead of what the catholics may haved placed, that which god would be in the center of the circle. Catholics, Priests, and church officials like would not approve of this irrational idea and the sketch itself. A Christian priest & scholar, Martin Luther, was a man of thought, as well as a man of action.

Monday, March 25, 2019

Comparing Power in Cask of Amontillado, Rappaccinis Daughter, and Bart

billet in Poes Cask of Amontillado, Hawthornes Rappaccinis Daughter, Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener, Phelps Angel over the Right Shoulder and Childs The QuadroonIn Poes The Cask of Amontillado Montressor seeks his revenge (for an imagined offense) on Fortunado. He manipulates Fortunado into beliving that he is a assistant and that they atomic number 18 going through the crypt. He uses Fortunados weak point --his get by of alcohol-- against him. He creates the illusion of concern by insisting that they turn some to save poor Fortunados health. Montressor manipulates the entire situation from beginning to end. His greatest movement is that Fortunado would know what was happening to him by dying a slow close and more importantly, he would know who was behind the elaborate plan for his death. Montressor (who is mentally unstable) is a depress man who thrives off of the power he has (had) over Fortunado. In Hawthornes Rappaccinis Daughter we find two instances of a power fight and manipulation. The Scientist has used his young lady in an experimental attempt to give her a one-of-a-kind gift. Failing in his attempt he has in a perceive cursed his daughter. He has taken away her power to choose her feature life--she is at the mercy of her gift and is suffering the results of his ambition. Baglioni uses Giovanni in a various way. He uses Giovanni to gain power over Rappaccini. He manipulates Giovanni into thinking that Rappaccini is corrupt and that Beatrice can be saved by his antidote. Rappaccini is corrupt because he uses his daughter to practice his scientific experiments. If his intention to enable her with a gift was and so genuine then he may not be as wicked as Baglioni. Baglionis intentions were purely evil. He man... ... the characters in this story argon all manipulated and repressed by the power of the social code of the clock regarding quadroons. Everything in the story hinges not only on the social pressures, provided also on the fragi lity of love. She belives that he will love her (even though he is not legally bound to her) and together they could face the unjustness of the world or merely hide from it. Due to his ambition, he betrays her and leaves her and his daughter. He does no service to either of the three women--his common-law wife by breaking her heart and leaving her to cope with a child, the child leave without a father and a social outcast, and his new wife by marrying her just for the social and economic position it would bring him and especially since she learns that he is still in love with the other woman. The victims in this story are manipulated by one mans ambition.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Obsessive-Compulsive inconvenienceObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder which can afflict a person throughout his lifetime The individual who suffers from OCD bring abouts trapped in a pattern of crying thoughts and behaviors that are senseless and distressing but extremely difficult to thrash (httpwww.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/ocd.htm). Obsessions and compulsions are the two main components of this disorder. The former are often passing negative such as an ever-present fear of germs. Compulsions such as repeated handwashings are rituals designed to lessen anxiety produced by obsessions. Depending on the severity, OCD can suffer an adverse affect on every estate of a persons life. The outlook is optimistic, however, because research has shown that even people suffering from arduous OCD may benefit from medication, behavioral therapy, or a combination of the two. Researchers have gained much insight into the cause of the disorder by comparing OCD fountainhead s with conventionalism brains. There is continued debate about whether OCD is caused by neurobiological factors, environmental influences, or both. There is at least evidence to show that the brains of OCD sufferers disaccord from normal brains in systematic ways Recent preliminary studies of the brain using magnetic resonance imaging showed that the subjects with OCD had significantly less egg white upshot than did normal control subjects, suggesting a widely distributed brain geometrical irregularity in OCD (http//www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/ocd.htm). The white matter, which lies beneath the rational cortex, contains axons which connect neurons in the cerebral cortex to neurons in other destinys of the brain. Lowered white matter content seems to suggest that there is less intracranial communication in the brains of OCD patients. Another study showed that persons having OCD often exhibit abnormal rates of metabolic activity in direct correlation with the severity of the diso rder in the frontal lobe and the chief(a) ganglia more specifically in the orbital cortex of the brain (http//www.mhsource.com/hy/naf-ocd.html). It has been suggested that the orbital cortex is liable for stimulating a worry circuit consisting of the caudate nucleus, a part of the basal ganglia that helps in switching gears from one thought to another the cingulate gyrus, which wrenches the catgut with dread, and the thalamus, which processes the bodys sensory inputs (http//www.schizophrenia.com/ami/diagnosis/ocd.html). It is hypothesized that in OCD, these 3 respective brain areas become linked in action. Susan Swedo and her colleagues at NIMH have hypothesized that because OCD behaviors have been connected with antibodies struggle the basal ganglia, repeated strep throat infections in childhood may lead the formation of the fused worry circuit.