Measurement of the Turbidity of Raw Water and Study the Effects of Lab Report

Measurement of the Turbidity of Raw Water and Study the Effects of Coagulation and Flocculation - testing ground Report ExampleDuring coagulation, matter in suspension becomes unstable due to the effect of cationic particles. atomic number 13 salts, ferric and ferrous salts are useful for the process of coagulation. The salts include alum, FeCl3 and Fe2 (SO4) 3. The iron convert used is that with and without lime. entrance of the salts in waste water results, in the formation of Ions (Hijnen & Gertjan 33). The constructive ions present in water know in hydrated states. Positive ions coincide with hydroxyl ions leading to insoluble hydroxides. Insoluble complexes result when ions combine with carbonates and bicarbonates. Coagulation results when the insoluble hydroxides precipitate in water and are separable through filtration. Precipitation of colloids takes manoeuver in the presence or absence of lime. The level of solubility of aluminum plus ferric hydroxides depends on PH, which determines the charge of the complex (Bratby 40). When PH is low, absorption of the complexes on the colloidal surface occurs leading to coagulation.When Aluminum chloride and sulfate are in wastewater, they exist as ion, which form non-dissolving complexes. The negative colloid repels anions and attracts cautions. The attraction indicant between positive and negative colloids results to agglomeration of particles (Wang 6). The repelled anions cling to positive colloids forming agglomerates. AlCl3 has a relative power of one against positive colloids and a power of 1000 against negative colloids. Al2 (SO4)3 exhibits a power of 30 against positive colloids and above 1000 against negative colloids (Bratby 39).ThuyKhanh, Trinh. & Lim Seok Kang. resolution Surface Methodological Approach To Optimize The CoagulationFlocculation Process In Drinking Water Treatment. chemical substance Engineering Research And Design 89. (2011) 1126-1135. ScienceDirect. Web. 2 Feb.